Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events
One- and five-year rates of MACCE were similar between high- and low-risk groups (Figure 2 ). Multivariable modeling did not find the high-risk cohort to be associated with increased hazards for 5-year MACCE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.38, P=0.488). Similarly, when modeled as a continuous variable, increasing preoperative troponin levels did not correlate with rates of MACCE (HR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01, P=0.967) (Supplemental Table 2 ). Factors associated with increased hazards for MACCE included history of diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and increasing serum creatinine. Increasing preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was associated with decreased hazards for MACCE (Table 4 ).