Is a second wave of COVID-19 expected to occur?
It largely depends on the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence developed in each country, which is still unknown. Countries that have had widespread transmission may be hit by a second wave, but presumably with less severe consequences. Countries that effectively controlled the pandemic are at a higher risk of second wave of COVID-19 if those effective controls are relaxed due to the limited viral transmission and lack of active immunization.