Study subjects
This study enrolled 518 patients. After excluding 8 patient whose voltage mapping was not completed due to unstable cardiac rhythm, a total of 510 patients were stratified according to LVA area into 3 groups. 374 patients had no LVA (group A). The remaining 136 patients had LVAs after PVI and were allocated to groups B (n=96) and C (n=40) according to the size of their LVAs (Figure 1). Patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. Patients in group B and C were older than those in groups A, more female, had lower BMI, more diabetes, higher CHA2DS2VASc scores, higher BNP or NT-BNP levels, lower eGFR, larger LAD, and higher E/e’.. On comparison of groups B and C, patients in group C had a significantly lower BMI and a larger LAD.