Lactobacillus and Nrf2
Nrf2 may be involved in diseases associated with insulin resistance70-72. “Ancient foods”, and particularly those containing Lactobacillus , activate Nrf269. The microbiome is highly related to insulin resistance. In mice, several strains of Lactobacillus were found to regulate Nrf2 in models of ageing 101, in cardioprotective effects102, and in non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease103. Lactobacillus plantarum  CQPC11 - isolated from Sichuan pickled cabbages - antagonizes oxidation and ageing in mice104. Lactobacillus protects against ulcerative colitis by modulation of the gut microbiota and Nrf2/Ho-1 pathway105. The sugary kefir strain, Lactobacillus mali APS1, ameliorates hepatic steatosis by regulation of Nrf2 and the gut microbiota in rats 106. In vitro studies have also found an effect of Lactobacilli mediated by Nrf2107-109. Interestingly, the symbiotic combination of prebiotic grape pomace extract and probiotic Lactobacillus sp. reduces intestinal inflammatory markers.110