Intramural Ethanol Injection under Direct Vision
When direct epicardial ablation failed to eliminate VTs or VT could not be induced at baseline, ethanol injection would be attempted. The borders of the RF lesion sets were selected as sites for injection. 4-5 injections were delivered at each area at the dosage of 0.3 to 0.5 ml per injection. To avoid inadvertent entering into the left ventricular (LV), the needle was guarded by plastic tubes to limit the injection depth to be less than 5mm (Figure 1). Before injection, a gentle negative suction was performed to ensure no blood could be drawn.