Figure 5. Endocardial, epicardial, surgical and ethanol ablation in Patient 3. A: LVZ could hardly be identified endocardially in both ventricles. B: small LVZ existed on the anterolateral wall near MA and epicardial lesions were placed in these areas. C: fragmented electrograms were identified and targeted at the bifurcation of LAD and LCX on the anterior wall. D: well-defined lesions could be seen after surgical ablation. E: VT could be induced again after surgical ablation. The activation map showed the earliest site close to the LCX. With one dose of 0.3 ml ethanol injection, VT was terminated immediately. RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; LVZ: low voltage zone; MA: mitral annulus; LAD: left anterior descending artery; LCX: left circumflex artery.