BNT162b2
|
mRNA vaccines
|
95% effective in preventing
COVID-19
Induced IgG antibodies had higher avidity to mutated RBD than those
induced by natural infection66,183,191
|
Moderna
|
mRNA vaccines
|
94.1% efficacy at preventing COVID-19
Preclinical testing in advanced clinical evaluation has shown a
Th1-skewed vaccine response and no pathologic lung
infiltrates192-194
|
AZD1222
|
Viral
vector
|
After the second dose, efficacy was higher in those with a longer
prime-boost interval (vaccine efficacy 81.3% at ≥12 weeks) than in
those with a short interval (vaccine efficacy 55.1% at <6
weeks)
Higher binding and neutralizing antibody titers in sera with a longer
prime-boost interval195
|
Sputnik V
|
Viral
vector
|
91.6% efficacious against COVID-19 (from day 21 after the first dose,
to the day of receiving the second dose)
RBD-specific IgG was detected in 98% of samples, with a geometric
mean titer (GMT) of 8996, and a seroconversion rate of 98.25%
Increased SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers
By day 28 after the first vaccination, all vaccinated participants had
significantly higher levels of IFN-γ secretion upon antigen
restimulation compared with the day of administration of the first
dose196
|
Ad26.COV2.S
|
Viral
vector
|
The level of protection for the combined endpoints of moderate and
severe disease varied: 72% in the United States; 66% in Latin
American countries; and 57% in South Africa, 28 days
post-vaccination. The investigated vaccine was reportedly
85% effective in preventing severe/critical COVID-19 across all
geographical regions.
Induced durable protection at low doses in preclinical SARS-CoV-2
challenge studies; initial clinical data showed that a single dose at
5×1010 viral particles was safe and induced
excellent humoral and cellular immune
responses197-200
|
BBIBP COVID-19 vaccine
|
Inactivated vaccines
|
Sinopharm has announced an efficacy of 79%
A sharp increase in antibody concentrations was observed following
SARS-CoV-2 infection after the first and second
doses177,187,201
|
Covaxin
(BBV152)
|
Viral
vector
|
81% interim efficacy in preventing COVID-19 in those without prior
infection after the 2nd dose
In the phase 1 trial, BBV152 induced high neutralizing antibody
responses that remained elevated at 3 months after the 2nd vaccination
In the phase 2 trial, BBV152 enhanced humoral and cell-mediated immune
responses compared with the phase 1 trial202
|
CoronaVac
|
Inactivated
virus
|
Multiple studies in different countries: 50.7% (Brazil), 56.5%
(Chile), 65% (Indonesia), 78% (Brazil) and 91% (Turkey)
Immune responses in phase 2 were much better than those recorded in
phase 1; seroconversion rates over 90% in both the 3 μg and 6 μg
groups
Well tolerated and induced humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2
In an exploratory analysis by age, seroconversion rates at day 28
after the second dose were higher than 94% in the 3 μg and 6 μg
groups for participants aged 60-64 years, 65-69 years, and 70 years or
older, with GMTs ranging from 36.4 to
55.2201,203,204
|
AD5-nCOV
|
Viral
vector
|
Tolerable and immunogenic in healthy adults. Specific humoral
responses against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 post-vaccination, and
rapid, specific T-cell responses were noted from day 14 after one shot
of the vaccine
Aerosolized Ad5-nCoV is well tolerated, and two doses of aerosolised
Ad5-nCoV elicited neutralizing antibody responses, similar to one dose
of intramuscular injection. An aerosolized booster vaccination at 28
days after first intramuscular injection induced strong IgG and
neutralizing antibody responses205,206
|
CV2CoV
|
Unmodified RNA vaccines
|
Induced higher titers of binding and neutralizing antibodies against
SARS-COV-2 variants, and memory B and T cell responses non-human
primates186.
|
PreS-RBD vaccine
|
Recombinant fusion protein
|
Median inhibitions of RBD to ACE2 (100 ng RBD: 8.6% to 98.3%
inhibition, median inhibition: 16.0%; 50 ng RBD: 14.4% to 99.4%
inhibition, median inhibition: 52.8%)
Robust anti-RBD IgG response in rabbits consisting of an early IgG1
and sustained IgG4 which can be detected in serum and mucosa
secretions
The vaccine-induced antibodies potently inhibited the interaction of
RBD with ACE2 and possessed the neutralizing ability to the omicron
VOC190.
|
NVX-CoV2373
|
Protein
subunit
|
A two-dose regimen of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine administered to adult
participants conferred 89.7% protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection
and showed high efficacy against the B.1.1.7 variant
Elicited immune responses that
exceeded levels in COVID-19 convalescent
serum207,208
|