1. Skin manifestations similar to those in other viral
infections |
1. Skin manifestations similar to those in other
viral infections |
1. Skin manifestations similar to those in
other viral infections |
1. Skin manifestations similar to
those in other viral infections |
1. Skin manifestations
similar to those in other viral infections |
Acute urticaria |
Sudden appearance of wheals with a fleeting nature.
Continual appearance and disappearance of new lesions is characteristic. |
Moderate |
Unspecific for COVID-19; infections are common elicitors
for acute urticaria |
4,22,23,28 |
Maculopapular exanthem (“erythematous rash”) |
Acute erupting,
widespread distribution of multiple small, round to oval erythematous
macules and/or papules with different degrees of confluence. Mostly
trunk, low pruritus. |
High |
Unspecific for COVID-19; infections are
common elicitors for maculopapular exanthem |
4,21,22,24,28,29 |
Varicella-like
exanthem
(“chickenpox-like rash”)
|
Monomorphic
papulovesicular skin eruption. Erythematous papules and vesicles
bilaterally and symmetrically mostly on the trunk. |
High |
May be more
specific, vesicles are quite uncommon for virus exanthems and more
specific for varicella |
4,22,25,26 |
Symmetrical intertriginous exanthem |
Flexural erythematous
maculopapular exanthem on axillary lesions and trunk +/-antecubal
fossae. |
Two case reports |
Unclear |
27 |
2. Skin manifestations associated with vascular pathologies |
2. Skin manifestations associated with vascular pathologies |
2. Skin manifestations associated with vascular pathologies |
2. Skin manifestations associated with vascular pathologies |
2. Skin manifestations associated with vascular
pathologies |
Purpuric exanthem
(“purpuric rash”)
|
Skin rash with petechiae.
|
Moderate
|
Unclear, potentially more specific as uncommon in other viral exanthems,
except e.g. Parvovirus B19
|
22,30
|
Erythema ab igne
(“livedo
reticularis”)
|
Transient macular erythema in a broad reticular
pattern on thigh unilaterally. |
Case report |
Unclear, may be more
specific, if causality can be confirmed |
31 |
Chilblain-like lesions |
Acute-onset, violaceous, infiltrated and
painful plaques on the toes and lateral feet. Vesicles and erosions may
be present. |
High |
Probably more specific, if causality can be
confirmed |
22, 32,33,34 |
Cutaneous acro-ischemia |
Finger and toe cyanosis, purpura, hematoma,
skin bulla and dry gangrene. |
Moderate, critically ill patients with
coagulation crisis and microvascular injury |
More specific, as uncommon
for viral disease |
35,36 |