Case Report
The patient is an 82-year-old male with a past medical history of coronary artery disease (post stenting), seizure disorder, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, paroxysmal AF, CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3, and HAS-BLED score of 3. Due to his history of GI bleed and fall risk, he underwent LAA occlusion with Watchman device with moderate sedation. Under intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and fluoroscopic guidance, a 21mm Watchman device was deployed. Post-deployment angiography revealed brisk contrast extravasation in the pericardial space. The device was retracted and redeployed at a more proximal position in the ostium of the LAA, and the delivery system was disconnected. The patient developed cardiac tamponade which was confirmed by transthoracic echocardiogram. Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed with the evacuation of 800 mL of blood. Protamine was administered. Cardiothoracic surgery was emergently consulted. Since the patient continued to require pressor support, he was transferred to the operating room for emergency repair of presumed LAA perforation.
Due to the high risk of embolization of the device and the resulting clot, the plan was to not manipulate LAA until cardiopulmonary bypass was established. Following median sternotomy, the patient’s systolic blood pressure was 80 mm Hg, and there was persistent slow bleeding. The patient was immediately heparinized, and cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated after standard cannulation. With the heart empty and beating, we exposed the LAA and identified a large clot adherent to the LAA. Once the clot was removed, the device anchors were seen protruding through the LAA (Figure 1, Video 1) with active bleeding in between the anchors.
Next, antegrade cardioplegic arrest was achieved, and the left atrium was explored through the interatrial groove. The 8-9 mm septal defect created by the transseptal puncture was repaired with 3-0 monofilament suture. However, the Watchman device was not visible at the ostium It had been pushed into the LAA. The device was delicately pulled out through the left atrium (Figure 2), taking care to unentangle the anchors embedded in the wall of the LAA (Video 2). Upon close examination, there were clots adherent to both the anchors and the nitinol stent cover of the device (Fig 3). Left atrial Cryomaze procedure was then performed using 2-minute ablations encircling the four pulmonary veins as an island. Another lesion was created connecting the left inferior pulmonary vein to the P3 region of the mitral annulus. The LAA was then excluded externally at the base with an epicardial Atriclip (Atricure Inc, Cincinnati, OH). The atriotomy was closed with 3-0 monofilament and cross-clamp removed. After the heart was de-aired, the patient was successfully weaned off of cardiopulmonary bypass. The rest of the procedure and his postoperative course were uneventful. He was discharged on postoperative day 5 in normal sinus rhythm on beta-blockers without antiarrhythmics drugs or anticoagulants.