Title and abstract |
1 |
(a) Indicate the study’s design
with a commonly used term in the title or the abstract |
1 |
|
|
(b) Provide in the abstract an informative and balanced
summary of what was done and what was found |
2 |
Introduction |
Introduction |
Introduction |
Introduction |
Background/rationale |
2 |
Explain the scientific background and
rationale for the investigation being reported |
3 |
Objectives |
3 |
State specific objectives, including any prespecified
hypotheses |
3 |
Methods |
Methods |
Methods |
Methods |
Study design |
4 |
Present key elements of study design early in the
paper |
3 |
Setting |
5 |
Describe the setting, locations, and relevant dates,
including periods of recruitment, exposure, follow-up, and data
collection |
3 |
Participants |
6 |
(a) Give the eligibility criteria, and the
sources and methods of selection of participants |
3 |
Variables |
7 |
Clearly define all outcomes, exposures, predictors,
potential confounders, and effect modifiers. Give diagnostic criteria,
if applicable |
3 |
Data sources/ measurement |
8* |
For each variable of interest, give
sources of data and details of methods of assessment (measurement).
Describe comparability of assessment methods if there is more than one
group |
3 |
Bias |
9 |
Describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias |
4 |
Study size |
10 |
Explain how the study size was arrived at |
4 |
Quantitative variables |
11 |
Explain how quantitative variables were
handled in the analyses. If applicable, describe which groupings were
chosen and why |
4 |
Statistical methods |
12 |
(a) Describe all statistical methods,
including those used to control for confounding |
4 |
|
|
(b) Describe any methods used to examine subgroups and
interactions |
4 |
|
|
(c) Explain how missing data were addressed |
4 |
|
|
(d) If applicable, describe analytical methods taking account
of sampling strategy |
- |
|
|
(e) Describe any sensitivity analyses |
4 |
Results |
Results |
Results |
Results |
Participants |
13* |
(a) Report numbers of individuals at each stage of
study—eg numbers potentially eligible, examined for eligibility,
confirmed eligible, included in the study, completing follow-up, and
analysed |
4 |
|
|
(b) Give reasons for non-participation at each stage |
4 |
|
|
(c) Consider use of a flow diagram |
- |
Descriptive data |
14* |
(a) Give characteristics of study participants
(eg demographic, clinical, social) and information on exposures and
potential confounders |
4,5 |
|
|
(b) Indicate number of participants with missing data for each
variable of interest |
4,5 |
Outcome data |
15* |
Report numbers of outcome events or summary
measures |
5 |
Main results |
16 |
(a) Give unadjusted estimates and, if
applicable, confounder-adjusted estimates and their precision (eg, 95%
confidence interval). Make clear which confounders were adjusted for and
why they were included |
5 |
|
|
(b) Report category boundaries when continuous variables were
categorized |
- |
|
|
(c) If relevant, consider translating estimates of relative
risk into absolute risk for a meaningful time period |
- |
Other analyses |
17 |
Report other analyses done—e.g. analyses of
subgroups and interactions, and sensitivity analyses |
5 |
Discussion |
Discussion |
Discussion |
Discussion |
Key results |
18 |
Summarise key results with reference to study
objectives |
5 |
Limitations |
19 |
Discuss limitations of the study, taking into account
sources of potential bias or imprecision. Discuss both direction and
magnitude of any potential bias |
5,6 |
Interpretation |
20 |
Give a cautious overall interpretation of results
considering objectives, limitations, multiplicity of analyses, results
from similar studies, and other relevant evidence |
6,7 |
Generalisability |
21 |
Discuss the generalisability (external validity)
of the study results |
7 |
Other information |
Other information |
Other
information |
Other information |
Funding |
22 |
Give the source of funding and the role of the funders
for the present study and, if applicable, for the original study on
which the present article is based |
1 |