2.2.3 Sniffin’ Sticks Test
For odor presentation, the cap was removed from the pen and the pen’s tip was brought in front of the patient’s nose and thoroughly moved from left to right nostril and backwards for 3s. Individual scores can be related to standard values for (a) normosmia (normal olfactory function), (b) hyposmia (impaired olfactory function) or (c) functional anosmia (residual or absent olfactory function) [16].
It was the patient’s condition in most of the case (fatigue, exhaustion) which prevented us from applying the detailed TDI-battery.