Figure 1. Evaluating coral reef resistance to the 2016 El NiƱo thermal anomaly . (a) Resistance is a metric for measuring the capacity of coral reefs to resist bleaching, estimated from exposure to environmental stress divided by ecological sensitivity. (b) Map of 226 Indo-Pacific coral reefs showing resistance calculated using a cumulative thermal anomaly (CTA) exposure model and (c) using a multivariate climate exposure (CE) model. Coloured dots show resistance; background shading represents chronic heat stress, evaluated as cumulative degree heating months (DHM) between 1982 and 2016 estimated from satellite data.