Table 1 Summary of number of starling specimens analyzed from each locality.
North America Australia South Africa Native Range 
Locality Number of Samples Locality Number of Samples Locality Number of Samples Locality Number of Samples
Westchester, NY 10 Mason Bay, WA 31 Western Cape 158 Monks Wood, UK 27
Queens, NY 10 Jerdacuttup, WA 42 Eastern Cape 51 UK 16
Albany, NY 13 Munglinup, WA 34 Northern Cape 4 Central North Sea 1
Eglin AFB, FL 13 Coomalbidjup, WA 32 Free State 6  Aberdeenshire, SCT 1
Brandon, NE 4 Condingup, WA 34        
Ogallala, NE 1 Condingup, WA 29        
Bruneau, ID 3 Nullarbor, SA 30        
Hammett, ID 2 Coorabie, SA 48        
San Angelo, TX 5 Streaky Bay, SA 32        
Auxvasse, MO 5 Tumby Bay, SA 30        
Fort Morgan, CO 5 Stansbury, SA 31        
Los Angeles, CA 15 Mallala, SA 36        
Burbank, WA 5 McLaren Vale, SA 41        
Juneau, AK 4 Meningie, SA 30        
    Yarra Valley, VIC 32        
    Orange, NSW 35        
    Devonport, TAS 29        
    Hobart, TAS 21        
Total 95 Total 597 Total 219 Total 45
 
Table 2 Summary statistics for starling mitochondrial control region sequence data (928bp) from native and invasive range populations. Sample size, number of haplotypes, pairwise nucleotide diversity (π), haplotype diversity (h), haplotype richness (R), Tajima’s (D) and Fu’s (Fs) neutrality test values are given for each population. Variability estimates are standard error.
 
  North America Australia South Africa United Kingdom Overall
sample size 95 597 219 45 956
# of haplotypes 16 15 15 30 64
π 0.005 ± <0.001 0.005 ± <0.001 0.005 ± <0.001 0.007 ± <0.001 --
h 0.876 ± 0.001 0.703 ± 0.001 0.779 ± 0.001 0.972 ± 0.001 --
  R 14.7 7.7 10.0 30.0 21.0
D 0.142 (P=0.63) 2.56 (P=0.99) 2.34 (P=0.99) -0.25 (P=0.48) 1.20 (P=0.77)
Fs -0.84 (P=0.45) 3.94 (P=0.87) 1.31 (P=0.72) -16.85 (P<0.000) -3.11 (P=0.51)