Through Fig. 7 to 10 it is obtained that the localization error reduces with an increase in anchor nodes‘percentage. This reduction is caused due to an increase in hop counts as evident from Table 4 of the data collected through the simulation performed about the Fig. 7 and shown from Fig. 19. The increase in average count\(\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}\) is obvious with the increase in the more anchor nodes.
To establish the effect of the variation in anchor nodes and its ripple in terms of the hop counts is studied over localization error in respect of the three models- DV-Hop, IDV, and ODR. Here consider that the localization error \((LE)\) is a dependent variable depends upon the number of anchor nodes \((m)\), and hop counts\(\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}\) values as written by equation (24)-
\begin{equation} LE=\lambda+\beta_{1}m+\beta_{2}\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}+\eta;\ (24)\nonumber \\ \end{equation}
where ‘\(\lambda^{\prime}\) is an intercept, \({}^{\prime}\eta^{\prime}\) is a residual,\(\beta_{1}\text{and\ }\beta_{2}\) are slopes with respect to \({}^{\prime}m^{\prime}\),\(\text{Ho}p_{\text{count}}\) such that-