8. Conclusion
In the range free WSN, the localization of nodes is proposed by many models. Here, DV-Hop algorithm rules over other algorithms due to its simplicity only. But it (DV-Hop algorithm) is unable to spot a node with high accuracy. So it (DV-Hop algorithm) highlights a gap for a method to localize with high precision. To improve localization accuracy, the proposed model ODR spots the location of unknown nodes with high accuracy and without any requirement of additional hardware. Also, ODR improves the localization accuracy without any additional burden on the network in terms of message communication. The paper highlights the need for Euclidean distance to determine the distance between the anchor and unknown nodes. Here ODR paves a way to find out Euclidean distance (between the anchor and unknown nodes) approximately and establishes the proposed model to localize with high accuracy. Although the exact Euclidean distance is not obtained an essential error value in this distance (between the anchor and unknown nodes) is defined and estimated with the help of optimized linear programming.
The other algorithm IDV improves the localization but at the cost of additional computational requirements due to the hop size correction factor. The suggested model ODR improves the localization results further better than both DV-Hop and IDV algorithms but no extra cost is needed to improve the hop size. The communication requirements among the nodes are the same in ODR, DV-Hop, and IDV.
Hence the paper is able to establish analytically as well as experimentally the proposed method ODR to localize unknown nodes with more accuracy by estimating approximate Euclidean distance. Also, it (i.e. ODR) can contribute a method to improve the hop size without any extra cost. Moreover, through simulation results and analytical reasoning ODR establishes itself as the least affected algorithm by the network variables (i.e. anchor nodes’ percentage, communication range, and nodes’ density) in comparison to its other contenders- DV-Hop algorithm and IDV.
In the future, the localization should be further improved by reducing the values of WSN constraints’ limits.