Fig. 14 Comparison of single phase (water and hydrocarbon) velocities between H-H and P-H nanopores of different widths. The self-generated electric field in P-H pores and the imposed acceleration dictate fluid transport in the center of the pore. For the same acceleration, the fluid velocity profile is flat in P-H pores and parabolic in H-H pores.
Fig. 15 shows the distribution of water in 5 nm P-H and H-H nanopores. Hydrocarbon is not shown for clarity. During transport, a water bridge persists in P-H pores as shown in Fig.15a. This is because of the stronger electric field. Fig.12 also confirm the persistence of water bridges in P-H pores irrespective of pore size. However, the water bridge of the H-H nanopore breaks down as shown in Fig.15b. We can infer that the strength of the hydrogen bond in the water bridge in the H-H nanopore is weaker compared to the forces holding the water bridge intact in the P-H nanopores.