Thepmf and gH+ were similar between the control-Pi and low-Pi plants, butV H+ was slightly lower in the low-Pi plants than in the control-Pi plants (Figure S2). In contrast, the 3.0 mM Pi plants showed lower pmf , gH+, andV H+ than the control-Pi plants (Figure S2). Both gH+ andVH+ showed linear responses to Ci in a manner similar to A , Y(II), and Y(I) (Figure 2e, f and Figure S1a). These results indicated that both pmf generation by PET reaction and ATP synthesis are suppressed under 3.0 mM Pi conditions (Takagi et al., 2016b, 2017). These observations indicated that excessive Pi accumulation suppressed photosynthesis over a wide range of Ci levels, and this phenomenon was different from that caused by low Pi application in rice plants.