Initialization
Defining the objective functionF (ui ) and the space of possible solutions ;
where: is the i th search agent, that is i th potential solution of the optimization problem, defines the position of thei th agent in the d th dimension, that is value of thed th control variable in the i th potential solution of the optimization problem, n is the problem dimension (number of control variables).
Generate initial population of N agents:
The initial positions of each agent are randonly selected between minimum and maximum values of the control variables.
Calculate:
Set the iteration counter: t = 1