5.3.1 In vitro production
C. roseus has become endangered because of excessive harvesting for the extraction of anti-cancer compounds from this plant. For this reason, plant in vitro culture techniques to produce adventitious root from explants of shoots, leaves, and internodes has been used to cultivate this plant in farms because it is cost-effective and less-laborious. Adventitious roots induced from leaves and internodes yields a higher amount of CPT production compare to ex-vitrorooted stem cutting (Martin et al., 2008). UV-treatment as elicitor has improved CPT yields up to 11-fold in Camptotheca acuminate plant cell cultures (Kai et al., 2015), whereas salicylic acid-induced a 25-fold increase in 10-hydroxycamptothecin yields (Pi et al., 2010).