Conclusion
There is an increased demand for techniques capable of producing quality
products at a decreased cost. This is especially true for
biopharmaceuticals produced using gram-negative bacteria, where
endotoxin contamination is a concern. Animal-based endotoxin etection
techniques will become obsolete in favor of electronic biosensors or
fluorescence-based techniques. Developing endotoxin removal methods that
are both effective and cost efficient is an ongoing challenge due to the
high purity required and the potential interactions present between
endotoxins and target molecules. Affinity and mixed-mode chromatography
are the most promising methods for a widely applicable removal methods
due to the highly selective interactions between endotoxins and the
chosen ligand. Additional research is still required to further develop
additional methods for removal and ligands that demonstrate a high
affinity to endotoxins with a low toxicity and cost. These innovations
will allow for an increase in product quality and yield with a decrease
in manufacturing cost.