Problem statement and analysis of the recent research
Since the complications arising after various types of restoration are often caused by mistakes made by doctors at the stage of choosing a treatment method, the problem of choosing a method for treating hard tissue defects (cavities) requires a thorough study and development of new approaches in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine.1-3
When choosing the method of restoring the damaged crown of the tooth and making the diagnosis, one can consider the index of destruction of occlusal surface of tooth (IDOST) proposed by Milikievich for Class I and II carious lesions. To date, the determination of the degree of the destruction of the occlusal surface of the tooth is one of the most important factors in choosing a treatment method (fillings, onlays or crowns). This index is used today in the post-Soviet countries for the diagnosis and choice of a method for treating cavities.4 The global dental community relies on other indicators: “intercuspal distance”, SI/STA.5
At the current stage of dentistry development, the dynamic growth of new knowledge, technologies and materials has significantly changed the methods of treating cavities.6
Based on the meta-analysis of literature, it was concluded that complications arising after various types of restorations are often associated with mistakes made by doctors at the stage of choosing a treatment method. Thus, the problem of choosing a method for treating cavities requires a thorough study and development of new approaches in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine.
The objective of the study – develop anatomical and functional classification cavities, as a basis for the application of differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in dental treatment.