We also broaden the discussion beyond the Consortium by bringing in additional supercomputing-enabled COVID- 19 research to showcase the range of contributions that the national cyberinfrastructure is making to global efforts to stop the pandemic. This article touches on research efforts to learn how SARS-CoV-2 spreads among different populations, the biology and structure of the virus and its mechanisms of infection, and to develop effective vaccines for prevention and antiviral therapies for treatment."