Although the adult brain is perceived as largely fixed, this concept is
receiving increased scrutiny. One way in which the brain can dynamically
change in response to repeated stimuli is by altering the speed of
conductivity. Oligodendrocytes are a major cell type allowing for the
increased or reduced insulation of neuronal axons, through alterations
in myelination. One novel way to measure these changes is through the
non-invasive method of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. This
article will provide an overview of the current state of research, and
provide clues as to how oligodendrocytes are mediating dynamic white
matter alterations.