How many cells can you obtain from a single muscle biopsy sample after expansion? Cells are inherently constrained in their capacity to replicate indefinitely due to telomere shortening – a phenomenon known as the Hayflick Limit [49, 50]. Thus, a population of purified satellite cells is confined up to around a maximum of 40 times in vitro although 20-30 in practice is more realistic. Although this results in a large amount of cells by number, the volume of cells needed to make a single patty is likely in the tens of billions and alternative ways need to be explored to increase efficiencies and lower costs.