The society was tightly managed by the state system through workplace
affiliation. Housing during this period is mainly
designed all together with the work-unit more as a infrastructure for
the workplace and featured by the technical
regulations design codes includes: Standard of Basic
Terms in Urban Planning, Standards for Urban Land Classification and
Planning of Construction Lands, Code of Urban Residential Area
Planning and Design, Code of Urban Road and Traffic Planning and
Design, Code for Comprehensive Planning of Urban
Infrastructures, etc. Planning idea is basically
following the concept of “Neighborhood
Unit” and the 90% investments for housing projects are from the
state.
(Junhua 2001)(Perry 1998) The Economic reforms in1978 have changed China from foundations to
various aspects. After 1978, the urbanization rate of China increased by
12.5 percent from 1978 to 1998 as compared to only 5.5 percent from 1952
to 1978
\cite{Ho_2004}. Resources under the
command system have been dispersed to the hands outside the work-unit
system. Urban private businesses have emerged and created jobs that are
not formally affiliated to a work-unit.
\cite{Wu_2002} The change in urban space
began after lased with state work-units to develop comprehensive
‘planned’ residential districts in the 1980s.
(Wu 2002)The work-unit system start to milt down, integration between workplace
and residence has been transformed by large residential development
projects.
In the 1990s, the introduction of the central-local fiscal contract
effectively started the decentralization of state
power\cite{Tsang_1998}\cite{Zhang_1999}. Local
government has gained more discretion to arrange investment and to
promote local growth: the enactment of the City Planning Act in 1989
gives municipalities the right to prepare urban plans, to issue land-use
and building permits (China State Council,1990), Transfer of State-owned Urban Land Use Rights.]
This is always considered to be the real catalyst for the real estate
market, and the driving force for the massive large scale urban
development\cite{He_2005}\cite{Shin_2009}. Urban development in
the Chinese cities has been driven to a high speed road to booming since
then. (Fig.2)