Purpose It is difficult to predict when the next financial crisis will happen. Identifying financial strategies, which help a bank to survive a crisis, is the main purpose of the paper. This paper examines the financial strategies of those banks, which managed to retain good credit ratings both before and after the global financial crisis, so as to throw light on the characteristics of banks which managed to remain steady and stable. Design This paper analyses Fitch credit ratings of 51 banks Islamic and commercial banks operating in GCC, divided into pre global financial crisis (2002 to 2007) and post global financial crisis (2008 to 2013) periods. Trend and behavior of average ratios of top rated banks in both the periods is first attempted before moving to “Ordered Choice Logit” regression method to further analyze the data. Findings Size and cost management are very important factors in ratings, both before and after the financial crisis. As long as asset quality is under control, liquidity is the focal point in achieving good ratings. Top rated Islamic banks seem to be following a strategy of allowing capital ratios to trend down during a crisis as long as capital is well above the regulatory requirements. Originality and Value The paper is the first of its kind which examines credit rating strategies of Islamic banks as well as commercial banks. The findings of the paper are extremely important for banks as they throw light on appropriate strategies to be adopted by banks during crises.

The research for this article was based on secondary sources from Norwegian, US, European, Chinese and Russian academics, think tanks and news media. The author sought to test out offensive realism as a theoretical framework to explain the current great power competition in Europe and developed five OR geopolitical indicators with corresponding hypothesis to assess the likelihood of a future armed conflict in the European Arctic.

This study is a descriptive study about the socio-economic conditions of differently-abled people in India.

This study is an analytical study of entrepreneurship development among disabled people in India.

Grave engagements continue contemporarily based from sociohistoric norms of American society. The norms being referred to are those specifically related to racism and the moral intolerances conjured between folks of different cultures and attitudes (Miles and Brown 2003). The purpose of this manuscript is to gain knowledge of the perceptions of young adult Black men (YABM) as they are exposed to race associated phenomena. An additional aim was to develop and provide a solution for the root challenges discovered from the study participants’ reflections. The proposed solution is a structure of instruction that is based upon racism being understood and drawn as an ideology. As argued, anyone can adopt an ideology of racism based from their respective identities as a source of instruction and tolerance over time (DiAngelo 2018; Miles and Brown 2003).

In this paper, we attempt to analyse and compare the magnitudes of destruction caused by natural disasters versus socio-economic-political disasters around the world. To do so, we deploy a multi-disciplinary approach that encompasses history, politics, sociology, and economics (Ruiz Estrada, 2011 and 2017). In the methodological discussion, we propose using quantitative and qualitative methods simultaneously to systematically evaluate different type of disasters. In this context, we propose a new analytical tool: “The General Disasters Final Impact Simulator” (GDFI-Simulator). Finally, we apply the GDFI-Simulator to Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Racism is not some static conception reflecting merely xenophobic feelings or hierarchical mindsets among individuals (Miles and Brown 2003). The term “racism,” in association with questions of democracy and individual opportunity, has risen into the primary weltanschauung of the American political and social psyches as represented by the September 12, 2019 Democratic Debate, political organizations, and political media. Given this weltanschauung, the purpose of this article is to seek additional knowledge toward coming to understand the perceptions of young adult Black men’s perceptions and political activations when prompted by the phenomenon of racism. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was engaged in the study of the YABMs to gain their reflective meaning-making and to protect against researcher biases. Key findings established that references to matters political involved the participants experiences with their communities, concerns with helping others in that community in a reciprocal manner, and the exclusionary practices found that challenges said community. These characteristics occur simultaneously as a meaning” of “the political” for each of the participants (Miller 1980). Theoretically, the extent to which these characteristics played into their perceptions of the political in-turn affect their decision-making and activations of political perceptions and behaviors. This theoretical conception was carried forward toward gaining knowledge of young adult Black men’s perceptions of political experiences serve as a source of data for this article; specifically, the data referencing matters of race (Crayton 2019).

The Googlekonomia is an alternative economic research technique that focuses on searching the best and easy access to a large number of economic database and documents from different sources on the internet. The main objective of Googlekonomia is the technical evaluation of trustworthy economic database and documents from different websites and search engines. Subsequently, the Googlekonomia is able to monitoring, evaluating, and classifying a large number of economic database and documents to study and solve possible economic problems. Finally, the Googlekonomia evaluates a large number of possible economic database and documents access in the internet sources and search engines based on the uses of artificial intelligence and a real-time multi-dimensional graphical modeling approach together.

The idea to write this research paper is to introduce a new multidimensional graphical approach to visualize a large number of integrals behavior in different periods of time and spaces under the application of the Megasfinity Coordinate Space. The Megasfinity Coordinate Space is willing to mapping a large number of integrals in different dimensions and periods of time extensively in the same graphical space as a whole.

This is an auto-ethnographic investigation by the author to share the critical experiences as an international students. The author used personal experieces

To answer the research question , I focus on the domestic level to draw up a profile of the German foreign policy making process. For the analysis content analysis is used as a research method in order to examine the legitimate actors who make foreign policy decisions and determine the guidelines of German foreign policy.

Whether ends justify all violent means or only conditional violent means? The phenomenological analysis of terrorism prepares a way for looking accurately at how one can make sense of a major transition from an engagement to a disengagement of society. Phenomenologically speaking, Violent acts are interpreted based on intentional experience that conducts the social roots of violence towards an intersubjective relationship between oneself and the Other, understood as Ego and alter Ego. The connection between the I and the Others emanates from two phenomenal concepts of love and hatred. On the one hand, These two concepts have bonded with the freedom of their subjects, so both the I and the Others should be in permanent violence to keeping their freedom. On the other hand, the phenomenological concept of terrorism is examined through the justification of relational violent means, rather than an absolute violence. The main core of this paper is centralized on the formula of Trotsky who asserts ‘ends justify means.‘ However, it must be differentiated between terrorists’ actions that unconditionally use means and conditional violent actions, used by relational violent means. The latter wants to achieve some goals, such as restoring the self-respect and the personal identity of victims of terrorism, as well as decolonizing and protecting territories. Counterviolence, such as defending our national identity, is necessary to achieve these goals, but it should not be led to assassinating all humans, both civilians and statesmen. The contemporary violence can be thought of as a modern slavery such that it overlooks the idea that all humans are born free. Therefore, counterviolence is permissible without any extreme violence through different methods, such as protesting or making a real international court without any directorial and commanding aspects on behalf of colonialist leaders./div

From the abinitio, the position of women in religion had been historically dynamic as many had reported archeological discoveries of the effigies of great religious leaders as women and goddesses. But in-between histories, there was the rhetoric of the relegation of women to the pew as pertaining to religion. Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and African traditional religions have often been adjudged to be hostile to female folk with lots of literature analyzing the ceiling placed on women’s socio-economic and political lives and its attendant implications. Contemporarily, the case is different as diverse religions the world over have relaxed most strict patriarchal practices to house women albeit empower them, but amidst this ample gain, there is the dearth of scholarly works to accommodate such phoenix rise vis-à-vis religion and women thus, the essence of this work. It underscores the contemporary global religions and their modus operandi in empowering women in juxtaposition with history. With the analysis of secondary data and context, the study submits among other things that many Pentecostal churches are currently led by women, the orthodox have more priestesses and female bishops, Islam has become more gender egalitarian, allowing women with certain degree of freedom (like women driving and voting in Saudi Arabia), Hinduism is friendlier to women and female traditional cum religious leaders keep emerging unlike before. Women feel/are more religiously empowered today than in recent histories owing to the advent of advocacy democracy. With the application of neoliberal theory, the study suggests a further deregulation of religion as a panacea for total women emancipation vis-à-vis their economic and political lives.

The article presents a teaching experiment contextualised in three schools in the city of Temuco, Chile. The study included courses in primary and secondary schools, and was planned to address a problem of low reading comprehension among the pupils identified in standardised tests like the Education Quality Measurement System (SIMCE). The problem arises especially from the lack of specific reading strategies to facilitate comprehension by the pupils, especially though inference, interpretation and reflection. The object of this teaching experiment was to impart to pupils a grammatical summarising strategy to enable them to schematise and grasp the information in a text, allowing them to gain reading skills. To do this, a summarising technique was developed and taught to teachers and pupils in municipal-public and subsidised schools; the results were assessed through reading comprehension tests focused on the skills of reflection on the text and relation and interpretation of the information. The principal finding of the experiment, based on the levels achieved in the tests, was that the summarising technique helped the pupils to locate information, which was reflected in their increased ability to draw inferences from and reflect on the text.

An approach is proposed to the analysis of marketing management requirements in contexts where deriving them from the application of the marketing concept is naive.

There are inequalities discriminating against iranian women in the criminal justice system's processes of enactment and legislation, adjudication, and punishment and enforcement. Postmodern feminist criminologists argue that the main reason is the masculine discourse that prevents women from equal access to justice and this is the main reason for iranian women's. The way to deal with this situation is to introduce a feminine discourse against the dominant male discourse, instead of eliminating women's worldview.

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The relationship between death anxiety and religion/s explored, it was assumed that the role of religion could be associated with death anxiety in a fixed manner or it could vary. Following tests were used Death Anxiety Scale, Daily Experience Spirituality Scale and Centrality of Religiosity Scale. 100 subjects falling between 40-60 years of age belonging to similar area and followers of two different religions, 50 belonging to religion one in Group-A and 50 belonging to religion two in Group-B were tested. The results reflected that religiosity was significantly and positively correlated with faith (p < .01), negatively associated with death anxiety (p < .01) and negatively correlated with death anxiety (p < .01). The revealing finding that came in light was the significant differences of religiosity, faith and death anxiety between Religion-A and Religion-B. It was also observed that faith was significantly higher among Religion-A respondents as compared to Religion-B respondents. Finding suggests further explorations in the direction to explore and address an inevitable part of human presence.