literature was reviewed and the conclusion was on literature analysis.

In response to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and the Transportation Research Board’s (TRB) urgent need for work related to transportation and pandemics, this paper contributes with a sense of urgency and provides a starting point for research on the topic. The main goal of this paper is to support transportation researchers and the TRB community during this COVID-19 pandemic by reviewing the performance of software models used for extracting large-scale data from Twitter streams related to COVID-19. The study extends the previous research efforts in social media data mining by providing a review of contemporary tools, including their computing maturity and their potential usefulness. The paper also includes an open repository for the processed data frames to facilitate the quick development of new transportation research studies. The output of this work is recommended to be used by the TRB community when deciding to further investigate topics related to COVID-19 and social media data mining tools.

Personality and intelligence test responses of 200 adolescents belonging to same vicinities those were having pets and were without pets were compared to assess effect of pet. Ten-Items Personality Inventory and Multiple Intelligence Assessment were administered. The responses of the participants compared with SPSS (22). Analysis revealed variance between the personality responses by pet owners as compared with participants without pet, with pet (M = 2.34, SD = .755) without pet (M = 1.66, SD = .923). p = .000). A similar variance was observed in intelligence, pet owners (M = 2.24, SD = .740) without pet (M = 1.69, SD = .895). p = .000). Results are sweeping more cross cultural studies recommended.

Our systematic neglect of universal human needs of shelter, health and safety is set to make the poorer sections disproportionately more vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic which the whole world is now struggling to contain. Architecture must carry a burden of guilt as present configurations of urban built environment normalise socio-spatial injustice and perpetuate capitalist fictions. Here, we interrogate how architecture can reclaim its social relevance, particularly in cities of the Global South, when the post-pandemic society adopts more socio-environmentally sustainable, ‘new normal’ lifestyles to build community resilience.

Government evaluations in Japan are linked to the business culture. This study investigated government evaluations in cities and towns/villages using primary survey data from 2014 and 2015. The dominant method was Jimujigyo Hyoka, a cross-sectional evaluation of programs using performance measures, implemented by 80% of municipalities with government evaluations. Cities were more likely than smaller municipalities to have implemented evaluations (84.6% vs. 37.4%). Almost none of the smaller municipalities had implemented evaluations because of the lack of resources. The main problems were the lack of clarity and internal consistency in the results and the effort and workload involved.

Globally, the governance and management of land and sea resources by Indigenous peoples and local communities has existed for tens of thousands of years and continues to exert influence over a quarter of the worlds’ surface today (Garnett et al 2018). Yet the primacy of Western science still overshadows the bio-cultural knowledges of Indigenous peoples and local communities. To move beyond exclusions and disenfranchised worldviews, science theory and practice must begin to embrace, engage, respect and support Indigenous peoples and local communities’ bio-cultural knowledges. We draw on the marine research sector, specifically fisheries, to demonstrate where knowledges are providing useful expertise and call for multidisciplinary approaches to co-productions of science. (Prepared for Nature Communications review).

Intelligence is a complex field yet people are interested to know about many things like, what intelligence and an intelligence officer is, what duties intelligence officers perform, where these officers work, what are an intelligence officer personality features and how these features support intelligence work in different situations? Present paper answered all these questions. Some psychological explanations about intelligence agents have also been presented. Since intelligence jobs are related with analysis, so a few suitable habits for analyzers are also there. A few relevant psychological topics have also been referred for readers those are interested to know about psychology and its use in the field intelligence. The article will fulfill the need of readers to read about basic facts about psychology and intelligence in one paper. The paper is equally useful for beginners and advance readers and would promote the sciences of intelligence and psychology. It would also facilitate the curiosity of general readers about the mysterious field of intelligence and in a few cases psychology.

Our data on the legal status of patent applications is from European Patent Office’s (EPO) PATSTAT database which contains bibliographic and legal status firm-level patent data from leading industrialized and developing countries for the period 1995-2015. Sixteen different forms of legal statues are broadly classified and systematized into four broad categories. The first category entails the patent applications sent to EPO. This category is used to code firm-level observations based on whether the patent application has been submitted to EPO. The second category comprises the pooled firm-level observations for which the patent application has been approved and official validated. This category comprises the firms for which a valid patent has been approved in a given year. The third category comprises the firms whose patent application has been rejected by EPO on various ground which exceed the scope of this paper. And fourth, the remaining forms of legal status were coded into miscellaneous category which amounts to a minor fraction of the whole set of applications and which are omitted from the empirical analysis.

The decision to retain was explored using semi-structured interviews with 14 students who previously completed a MATH-131 or MATH-137 course with a co-requisite support course enrollment. A follow-up survey was then developed and disseminated to 32 students to determine if interview responses were shared by other students. Responses were coded, categorized, and themed, and results indicated elements of the self-determination theory framework led to increased retention rates in co-requisite students. Triangulation was then achieved using a motivation inventory that was disseminated as a pre-test and then repeated at the end of the course as a post-test to both co-requisite (treatment) and non-co-requisite (control) students. Elements facilitating autonomy and competency within the co-requisite program were shown to significantly influence (at the 0.10 significance level) a student’s decision to maintain enrollment for one year following the successful completion of co-requisite courses (p = .004 and p = .079, respectively).

While its cognate disciplines, such as management and business, have long ago recognized the existence of and reacted to these hijacker journals, it was startling to see that marketing has been silent and at a loss for words. The aim of this paper is to sound an alarm that rends the air. The hope being that it will awake marketing's research community because the time has come to realize the extent of, reflect about, and to react to the damage that these malicious journals have been causing to our discipline.

Strategic drift of Indian Railways is due to its stagnant track capacity, declining freight transport, project overrun, poor operating ratio, and, lack of autonomy. This paper proposes two constructs for IR to mitigate sectoral competition and augment investor credibility for the next decade. The first construct is a meta-competency framework to regain its core-competency out of its constituent skills. The second construct is the top-down approach by the Government in creating a radical unitary public sector organization amalgamating railways, highways and inland waterways under Surface Transport Ministry. Further, this paper is a guidance to create an ecosystem for foreign direct investment and corporate restructuring of select IR subsidiaries in the Ministry of Railways. Strategic architecture discourse is on prioritizing economic value over passenger business.

The impact our decisions cast on ourselves and others are often a resounding reflection of the core values infused in our belief system. They are the guiding principles for desirable codes of conduct and actions that modulate one’s self-concept. Thus precise identification of values can unearth one’s priorities and basis of functioning. However, the lack of sound and comprehensive instruments for evincing the core values of individuals in eastern countries serves as the prime motive for the present study, i.e., development of the Human values scale. More explicitly, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was run to explore the factor structure of the scale. The factor validity of 25 item scale was determined on a sample of 300 adults. Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation method yielded a seven-factor structure (Benevolence, Egalitarian, Self-direction, Social Obligation, Aspirations, Political, and Spiritual/ Religious) collectively accounting 59.48 percent of the variance. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the seven-factor solution proposed in EFA has good fit indices. The obtained results thus supported an acceptable level of reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Human values scale.

Present research article aims at examining the concept of “Period Poverty” with special reference to women living on road and proposing possible interventions for improving condition. A qualitative research study was carried out in Delhi. In-depth interview of various stakeholders i.e.; women on road, gynaecologist, and NGO members were taken using semi structured interview guides. The responses were transcribed verbatim. Field notes of the group and individual interviews were also taken. The data was analysed using the Rigorous and accelerated data Reduction (RADaR) technique. The findings indicate women on road faces the issues of privacy, lack of toilets and water, security, lack of scientific knowledge, and adoption of unhygienic menstrual materials. Based on the responses of various stake holders an intervention model is suggested.

A document by Gitanjali Roy. Click on the document to view its contents.

Numerous behavioral and decision-making theories have been proposed within various branches of physiology, psychology, and social sciences. However, few authors have studied the origin of behavior. It has been suggested that human behavior can be described as an algorithm, defining an action-execution process through a sequence of steps and feedback mechanisms. Given this premise, origins of human behavior are comparatively assessed to other forms of nature; to facilitate this comparison, algorithms were developed to sequence the functionality of inanimate matter (i.e. motionless or inoperative matter) and animate life (i.e. living organisms). Subsequently, the three developed algorithms – for matter, life, and mind – allowed to identify both their common and unique features, as well as to follow the evolutionary flow between the physical, biological, and psychological dimensions of nature. We postulate that algorithms of behavior of physical objects, biological organisms, and human beings are not standalone constructs but phases of the evolutionary process. Furthermore, in this evolutionary process,algorithms are continuously adjusted and enhanced through the addition of new steps and feedback mechanisms. The underlying commonality for these changes in behavior is rising prominence of future-orientation of actions, e.g., when an organism increasingly caters for its future well-being, rather than solely enhancing its transient state. This transformation takes place through shifts from immediate and predetermined reactions, to longer-term orientated and variable responses. Throughout this process, functional algorithms of higher complexity do not invalidate predecessors, but on the contrary, incorporate and build on them. The presented theory offers an explanation on how, and to what extent, operational algorithms are shared between various forms of nature. It also considers possible future directions for evolutionary development.

The tumultuous trajectories of COVID-19 undoubtedly reached all national structures and functions, and their international equivalents. This paper examines the nexus between the global onslaught of the enraging pathogens and the leadership challenges still embedded in Nigeria’s federalism. The general objective of the paper therefore was to study the COVID-19 pandemic, federalism and Nigeria’s leadership challenges. The paper is anchored on structural functionalism as theoretical framework, under a qualitative and normative methodological design. The work prognosticates that after COVID-19, the deadly viruses are coming again and advises that when they come back, structurally and functionally, they must not meet Nigeria the way the novel coronavirus found it. The paper recommends the development of an inexhaustible pool of leaders in the country by converting the current senatorial zones (with the exclusion of Abuja where the Federal Capital Territory Minister performs functions of similitude with that of a State Governor) into Nigeria’s new federating states, and the current state demarcations converted into 37 senatorial zones. This translates to 108 states in the country.

The launch of app-based for-hire vehicle (FHV) services like Uber and Lyft has led to increased mobility options, but the associated increase in vehicular traffic has also presented challenges. In New York City, the number of FHVs tripled between 2010 and 2019, to over one hundred thousand, due to the advent of such companies. This study seeks to understand the impact this increase in FHV usage has had on greenhouse gas emissions in New York City. The study uses data collected by the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission, which regulates the FHV and taxi industries, and the NYC Mayor’s Office of Sustainability, which publishes the City’s greenhouse gas emissions inventory. The main result of the study is that although the overall per-vehicle efficiency of the fleet has improved, the high growth in registered vehicles has led to emissions from FHVs and taxis increasing 66 percent from 2010 to 2018. Electric vehicles present an opportunity for emissions reductions in New York City’s FHV fleet if barriers to vehicle adoption are adequately addressed and if adoption of EVs does not outpace vehicle attrition.

In view of the rapidly increasing numbers of reported new coronavirus infections, many speak of an upcoming pandemic. However, since the number of conducted coronavirus tests has rapidly increased over time as well, the apparent increase in infections may actually reflect increased testing, rather than a rapid spread of the coronavirus. To examine this issue, data from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and USA were analyzed. In all countries, the rapid increase in reported new infections was largely attributable to the rapid increase in conducted tests. Statistically controlling for the increased amount of testing revealed that the increases in reported infections dramatically overestimate the true increases in every country. According to the estimated true courses of new infections, the increases were initially much smaller, and the courses of new infections have already flattened or are even decreasing since the beginning of calendar week 13 (March 23) in almost all countries. The courses of reported new infections and deaths started to increase almost simultaneously in every country, which further confirms that the increases in reported new infections reflect effects of increased testing. These results indicate that the scenario of a coronavirus pandemic is based on a statistical fallacy.