The article is an original write up which emerged due to the recent upheavals in the Higher Education (HE) in India. In spite of the reforms and restructuring to pave the way for implementation of NEP 2020 in higher education, the HEIs in India are in news for all the wrong reasons. The suicide cases and subsequent cognizance of the same by the judiciary of India is a matter of grave concern. The declining well-being of the stakeholders involved in the affairs of Higher Education and apologetic state of affairs in admission, examination and teaching learning is placing India nowhere on the world map of Education. The article speaks about three missing points which needs to be addressed urgently. The first missing link talks about a dignified, eminent and visionary leader, the second is about the power struggle between the administration & the academia and third the students who becomes the guinea pig for all the trials and tortures that emerges as a result of continuous conflict, dissatisfaction and discontent. Finally, the paradoxes pertinent in Higher Education needs to be resolved at the supersonic speed with ultimate precisions if we as Indians wish to tell the world that we have the best education system of the world and there is no better place than India for educational tourism.

Abstract:This study examines the burgeoning area of digital entrepreneurship with a particular emphasis on the relationship between social media and entrepreneurial endeavours. A new class of businesspeople known as social media influencers emerged as a result of the growth of social media platforms. These individuals use their knowledge and enthusiasm to build online followings and make money from their material. The research delves into the fast expansion of influencer marketing, which is demonstrated by the notable rise in the market's size and the extensive integration of influencer marketing strategies across diverse industries. The study explores the attitudes and actions that lead people to become social media influencers and entrepreneurs, drawing on academic frameworks including Push and Pull Theory and Persuasion Knowledge Theory. Additionally, it investigates the distinct dynamics of social media and digital entrepreneurship. The study emphasises how social media has revolutionised the Indian business scene, highlighting in particular the rise of micro-entrepreneurs and the democratisation of success made possible by social media platforms. In addition to suggesting directions for future research to further expand our understanding of digital entrepreneurship and influencer marketing in the modern digital era, the study finishes by providing useful implications for influencers, firms, and aspiring entrepreneurs. Keywords: Digital Entrepreneurship, Social Media, Influencer Marketing, Push and Pull Theory, Persuasion Knowledge Theory.  Introduction and Research Background:”Digital entrepreneurship,” which encompasses the influence of social media on entrepreneurial activities, has garnered significant attention in recent years as a stimulating phenomenon for enhancement of entrepreneurial endeavours (Sahut et al., 2021). A novel form of digital entrepreneurship has surfaced as a result of the proliferation of online social media platforms: the social media influencer. This type of entrepreneur raises capital for their business and expands wealth through advancing their area of expertise and passion (Lee & Theokary, 2021). Influencers are first acknowledged by brands. After that, they establish their own brand. These influencers, who previously concentrated on gaining a sizable online following, are now entering the entrepreneurial sphere and developing their brands and businesses in the quick-paced world of content production (Matta, 2023).  The market size of influencer marketing has experienced an enormous surge in recent years, indicating an exponential expansion in the industry. As per Statista (2024), the worldwide market for influencer marketing has experienced a threefold increase since 2019. It is expected to reach an astounding record of 24 billion U.S. dollars by 2024 (see Table 1). This remarkable growth highlights the growing importance and effectiveness of influencer marketing tactics in modern corporate operations. Furthermore, the extensive implementation of influencer marketing campaigns is clarified by findings from a global survey that was carried out in 2024 among a range of stakeholders, including businesses, PR firms, marketing agencies, and other pertinent experts. Findings showed that 37.6% of participants said their companies worked with up to ten influencers, demonstrating the frequency of these alliances (Influencer Marketing Hub, 2024) (see Figure 1). The survey results reveal that a noteworthy 14.7 percent of participants reported engaging with more than one thousand influencers, demonstrating the broad and varied nature of influencer marketing initiatives across many sectors.

A document by Sherely Drent. Click on the document to view its contents.

How does gender accountability vary? We theorize that reduced perceptions by others of one's gender, or reduced external assessments of gender accountability, create more space for the cultivation of non-binary subjectivities. We use the shelter-in-place period of the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment during which major social institutions such as work and school changed and thus shifted gender accountability. Through interviews with a racially diverse sample of 22 U.S. adults who came out as non-binary or genderfluid during this time period, we examine their experiences and understandings of this change in gender accountability. Participants described both relief from relentless gender assessments as well as space for selfreflection and gender experimentation. Less stringent external assessments at work and school, especially the reduction of constant in-person evaluations of gender expression, produced new gender subjectivities that resisted binary understandings of gender. This study explores the nuance and variability of gender accountability. We argue that in-person full-body gender assessments are a powerful component of gender accountability, and that some social institutions like work and education enforce gender accountability.

Abstract : Guerrilla war is regarded as one of the most prominent political events in Bolivia because it coincided with a period of uprisings and political and civil disturbances that accompanied the general dissatisfaction with the repressive government policies closely linked to the United States, which created an ideal environment for the Guerrilla movement, accordingly, Che Guevara decided to wage a Guerrilla war in Bolivia because he believed it was a region where he could achieve his aspirations by exporting the revolution to other parts of Latin America . This plan caused a reaction in United States circles accordingly, the American administration took various means to face the communist tide threat to maintain the balance of world powers on the one hand and to protect its strategic interests in Bolivia on the other .

There are a number of ways in which Kant can be said to provide the “aesthetics of capitalism”. This paper argues specifically that central innovations of Kantian aesthetics—purposiveness without a purpose, artistic genius, the free play of the faculties, and the contrapurposive sublime—are to the philosophy of mind what the “invisible hand” is to capitalist social formation and economic practice. The relevant connection between Kant’s aesthetic psychology and Adam Smith’s capitalist political-economy is that each depends on the claim that order can emerge without an orderer operating according to prior intent, purpose, design, or conscious control. Along with Hume and the central framework of the Scottish Enlightenment more generally, Smith and Kant both seek to explain how order can arise spontaneously; they simply attend to different domains—Smith looking outward to social order and Kant looking inward towards mental order. However, once the logical and metaphysical structure of spontaneous order is seen as the key issue across multiple domains, then Kantian aesthetics and emerging capitalist social formations appear as two sides of the same coin.

The growing demand for personalized online learning underscores the necessity for diagnostic assessments that are tailored to the cognitive abilities of individual examinees. The combination of cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) with computerized multistage testing (MST) holds potential for meeting these educational needs. However, research on the integration of MST with cognitive diagnosis (CD-MST) has been limited, largely due to the challenges in establishing criteria for constructing test modules and defining routing rules prior to administering the test. This study aims to introduce an innovative design approach for CD-MST that employs a strategy of partitioning the skill-space, which encompasses all possible attribute mastery profiles, to address the challenges. By partitioning the skill-space into groups of attribute profiles, distinct modules tailored to each partitioned group can be constructed, ensuring that each examinee is adaptively routed to the most suitable module at each testing stage. Item information functions for CD-MST are also proposed by defining the information conditionally on an attribute profile, in order to quantify an item’s discrimination power for each profile. Furthermore, a strategic approach for automated module assembly in CD-MST is developed to construct modules that maximize information for each attribute profile group while satisfying all practical constraints. Simulation results indicate that the proposed CD-MST improves estimation accuracy compared to traditional linear test and can effectively utilize a wider range of item types from the item bank.

Since the Brown v. Board of Education decision, the plight of Black educators continues to be one of resilience and resistance. One important question is how Black teachers continue to live out Brown’s mission while navigating the effects of COVID-19. Using Givens’ (2021) Fugitive Pedagogy framework this narrative inquiry explored Black Women teachers’ attempts to fulfill the promise of the Brown decision. We found that participants enacted the following forms of resistance: a) intellectual acts of subversion, b) fictive kinship, and c) enacting shared vulnerability. Findings shine a light on the complexities of exhibiting resistance in anti-Black K-12 classrooms.

The Prospective Memory Concerns Questionnaire (PMCQ) is a self-report measure used to assess an individual’s prospective memory concerns and inform their treatment options. Development of such a scale is instrumental to the implementation of restorative cognitive training and memory compensation strategies in various neurodivergent and neurodegenerative populations. The PMCQ goes beyond other validated prospective memory scales via comprehensive identification of the type and frequency of cognitive lapses that underlie specific areas of PM performance. However, the PMCQ has not yet undergone independent review or evaluation. The purpose of this study was therefore to critically review the construction of the PMCQ, its psychometric properties, subsequent test evaluation conducted by the developers, and the resulting methodological limitations of the scale. Evaluation of the PMCQ’s clinical application then follows, with recommendations for appropriate clinical use.

The Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children (PSWQ-C) is a commonly used instrument for evaluating worry in children. This study investigated the measurement invariance of the Polish version of the PSWQ-C through two types of research: paper-pencil and online. The results replicate the good psychometric properties of the PSWQ-C. The bifactorial model, with one general factor feature and two method factors related to the way the scale statements are formulated (positive and negative), is the model that best fits the data. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) supports measurement invariance (configural, metric, scalar) across paper-pencil and online research.

This paper proposes a new method for identifying groups of examinees engaged in collusion that does not require any a priori knowledge of the compromised items. The method, called iterative cluster building (ICB), constructs clusters through an answer similarity framework, sequentially accepting into the cluster examinees whose responses are statistically the most similar to the union of all responses already in the cluster. ICB was evaluated through both simulation and application to a commonly used empirical dataset with known preknowledge. Results from the study were highly encouraging. ICB recovered simulated groups very well, while limiting Type I errors to realistic levels commonly used in operational settings. Application of ICB to the empirical dataset resulted in larger, more homogeneous clusters than have previously been observed

In recent years, research on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has developed from various perspectives, and several studies have been conducted in PD using the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS)2) in PD has been conducted in Japan and abroad. In Japan, there were several studies using the Japanese version of the BADS for PD from the late 2000s to the early 2010s 5) 6) 8) , but the number of studies has been declining since then.In recent years, research on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has developed from various perspectives, and we conducted the BADS in PD patients with MMSE (Mini-Mental Scale Examination) scores of 24 or more and no obvious dementia symptoms at our hospital. The BADS was conducted in PD patients with an MMSE (Mini-Mental Scale Examination) score of 24 points or more and no obvious dementia symptoms, and a retrospective study showed that 2 patients had an overall score of “impaired”, 3 patients “borderline”, 5 patients “below average”, 18 patients “average”, 3 patients “above average” and no classification of “excellent” or “extremely excellent”. This predicted that PDs would have better temporal judgement, but less ability to plan effective and efficient routes, to check their own behaviour and to plan spontaneously.

How well can individuals’ parental background and previous life experiences predict their mid-life Socio-Economic Status (SES) attainment? This question is central to stratification research, as a strong power of earlier experiences in predicting later-life outcomes signals substantial intra- or intergenerational status persistence, or put simply, social rigidity. Running machine learning models on panel data to predict outcomes that include hourly wage, total income, family income, and occupational status, we find that a large number (around 4,000) of predictors commonly used in the stratification literature improves the prediction of one’s life chances in middle to late adulthood by about 10 to 50 percent, compared with a null model that uses a simple mean of the outcome variable. The level of predictability depends on the specific outcome being analyzed, with labor market indicators like wages and occupational prestige being more predictable than broader socioeconomic measures such as overall personal and family income. Grouping a comprehensive list of predictors into four unique sets that cover family background, childhood and adolescence development, early labor market experiences, and early adulthood family formation, we find that including income, employment status, and occupational characteristics at early career significantly improves models’ prediction accuracy for mid-life SES attainment. Further, we illustrate the application of predictive models to examine sources of between-group disparity by life stages. Using the Black-white difference as the example, we find that racial differences in early labor market experiences are the most critical in explaining racial inequality in mid-life SES attainment, especially for low-income individuals.

Amidst a trend emphasizing causal explanations in qualitative research, this work challenges a singular focus on causal mechanisms. While acknowledging their importance, it argues for the equal value of constitutive descriptions. Inspired by Pacewicz, it proposes that understanding what phenomena are, their dimensions, and optimal categorization, offers unique insights. Against Pacewicz, it contends that mechanisms can themselves be constituents of social phenomena, and building on a robust definition of social systems from Haslanger and Chang it clarifies why generalizations of constitutive description work beyond good scholars warrants. Drawing on a case study this article demonstrates how non-causal explanations can answer “why” questions. By analyzing Desmond’s work with the urban poor, this example showcases the interplay between constitutive and causal explanations, highlighting the potential of mechanisms to be constitutive elements of certain phenomena. Thus, demonstrating that qualitative explanation occurs not solely by identifying causal mechanisms.

Through insights obtained from an ethnography of face-to-face survey data collection in the UK, this article examines the under-explored role of the survey interviewer, documenting the how and why of interviewer effects as they occur in practice. It highlights the emotional labour required to perform the role, and the ways in which interviewers handle challenging interpersonal scenarios during data collection stemming from the idiosyncrasies of respondent concerns alongside questionnaire design issues. It offers sociological commentary on the typical working conditions of professional survey interviewers and calls for a re-evaluation of the role of survey interviewers, both to recognise their important role, and for survey designers (and therefore survey data) to benefit from their insights into sources of survey error.

Introduction: Homoeopathy has gained popularity in India as a method of treatment, but faces criticism due to lack of evidence for its effectiveness. This study aims to identify the challenges faced by homoeopathic researchers in India and understand barriers and enablers in the ethical conduct of homoeopathic research. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 active homoeopathic researchers, revealing a lack of training, funding opportunities, and specific guidelines for homoeopathic research. Results: The study revealed the limitations in regulations for medicine preparation, standardization, and validation. The scarcity of research ethics committees poses challenges for ethical conduct of homoeopathic research. Conclusion: The study concludes that homoeopathic research in India is scientifically and ethically lagging, with suggestions provided by participants for improvement. Keywords- Homoeopathic research, barriers, enablers, ethics, guidelines

This study aims to deepen the understanding of digital incentives. We employed a case study approach to examine a Chinese firm. Based on coding and analyzing rich primary and secondary data, we explore the characteristics and effects of digital incentives. The findings show that digital incentives based on digital technologies such as blockchain include both incentive digitalization and data incentivization. It can effectively motivate participants to collaborate to improve innovation performance. Meanwhile, the information transparency mechanism and trust mechanism embedded in digital incentive contracts can effectively inhibit participants’ opportunistic behaviors, which help to cope with the incompleteness of contracts and improve the effectiveness of digital incentives. The study also reveals the dynamic evolution model in the execution of digital incentive contracts. The findings suggest that this dynamic model is conducive to the adaptive adjustment of incentive resource portfolio, and coordinates the interests and expectations of participants, thus achieving the sustainability of digital incentives. Important practical implications suggest that digital platforms should focus on the role of digital technologies such as blockchain to drive the digital transformation of organizational incentives.

The successful management of diversity at work is currently the most important and challenging issue for managers in organizations. While scholars have deepened the understanding of the nature of diversity by proposing new concepts such as “team faultline,” previous studies on diversity focused more on the structural aspect of diversity, disregarding the role of the psychological aspect of diversity among team members. To overcome the above limitations, this study develops an integrative model of the effects of team faultlines, value diversity, and task design on team process and effectiveness. Drawing on the categorization-elaboration model, we suggest that team faultlines have a positive effect on team performance through team mental model only when both team value diversity and team task design are high. This paper intends to contribute to the literature of team diversity, team design, and team mental model.