This study employs empirical methods and the V-dem index and Risse, Sikkink scheme to fully understand the cases at various points in time. The study discovered that under no circumstances, from the V-dem index to the Risse scheme, was human rights upheld in Libya despite the legislations that were put in place by Gaddafi to check it. The legislations were instead a mere ploy to control dissents. The study concludes that human rights has become a significant ideology that projects propaganda.

Monitoring and assessing student thinking, facilitating mathematical processes and increasing student engagement are key issues for practicing elementary mathematics teachers. Awareness of student thinking allows teachers to plan lessons according to zones of proximal development and pace teaching, and group members accordingly. Awareness also allows teachers to catch misconceptions early. This article examines the use of Google Classroom to facilitate the mathematical processes of communication, representation, reasoning and justification or proof, allowing arguments to be built on prior knowledge that is accessible and readily available and noting the particular benefit for students of age 10-12 who benefit from shared awareness and subsequent student calibration when sharing their thinking at this age.

In response to Covid-19, the so-called New Lifestyle was proposed by the Japanese Government. This lifestyle is the one in which preventive measures for infection are incorporated in the conducts of daily life. It is nearly two years since this lifestyle was first proposed, the necessity of practicing that lifestyle is still called for. This paper examines how much people are taking into their everyday lives, measures recommended by the authority so that New Lifestyle is to be realized. 30 people, with all of whom the author has had rapport, participated in the study and told how they have dealt with the recommended measures. From the data, it was found that few measures were new and people have practice since the pre-pandemic days

This paper assessed energy conservation and efficiency awareness practices of households in the Cape Coast Metropolis. It examined the level and variability in energy conservation practices, and the level of energy-savings awareness education among households. The findings reveal that years spent in school by household heads, income levels, expenditure, age of households and the number of times electricity power triples off daily were among key factors influencing individual’s choice of energy-efficient appliances. There was significant variability between existing social strata in terms of income and use of electrical appliances among households. Based on the findings, this study recommends a robust energy literacy program to improve households energy efficiency practices awareness, and in order to ensure energy cost savings, environmental protection and climate change mitigation that will enhance the drive towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal Seven (SDG 7).

Virtual reality (VR) has been designated as the “ultimate empathy machine” due to its alleged ability to powerfully immerse users in another’s perspective. As VR has attracted growing attention, criticism of its alleged ‘empathic superpowers’ has also gained strength. Critics have recently argued that the empathic-VR vision is ethically flawed since it is misleading and denies non-communicable aspects of the Other. Moreover, several scholars argue that VR empathy rhetoric in fact exploits the marginalized targets of empathy, turning them to objects “identity tourism” for the privileged. The paper revisits these claims, arguing that they rely on empathy notions that are dominant in traditional art-media, while overlooking VR’s unique experiential affordances. Drawing on psychophysiological evidence, it argues that the ethical significance of VR lies in the unique ways in which it manipulates the user’s body scheme via multisensory stimulation. These manipulations result in unprecedented empathy-related perceptual and conceptual transformations whose ethical implications require new ethical framing.

We use a broad range of material such as policy outlines, academic literature, and journalistic research to look at the impacts of natural disasters on critical infrastructures as well as on developments in creating resilient infrastructures, focusing on examples in the United States and Canada with a focus on a case study on Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in 2017. This case study is based on a scoping review of the academic and grey literature on Hurricane Maria, its impacts on Puerto Rico and the response and recovery to the crisis.

This paper explores the influence of an entrepreneur’s family on the entrepreneur’s well-being, their business experience and vice versa. Set in a relatively under-research context of business exit, the study has analysed the entrepreneurial journey of 46 cases of business exits using gender as a bio-cultural construct. Empirical findings reveal the underlying causal mechanisms that mediate the work-family interface of an entrepreneur’s life and consequently their business exit decision. Gendering is not confined to social dyn­­­­amics but shapes the coping and post-exit recovery mechanisms as well.

This paper employs critical discourse analysis to interrogate rhetorics of academic deficit subtending institutional neglect of equitable opportunity for students of color at U.S. postsecondary institutions. It further reviews Critical Race Theory literature in education, paying special attention to research that foregrounds social class as a discriminate variable distinguishing truly liberatory pedagogies from the merely critical. 𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗽𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: I𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘊𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘙𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘰𝘳𝘺 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘚𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘑𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘦. (2022). Chandan, H. & Christiansen, B. (Eds.). IGI Global. http://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3615-8

Educational management has benefited significantly from general systems theory. However, the foundation for educational management, namely the classical management theory, has largely relied on principles put forward more than 70 years ago. Recent societal challenges and diversification of learning environments have highlighted the need for a new learning design theory, which highlight the importance of leadership. This article describes the issues in educational management from the perspective of Metasystems Learning Design Theory. It defines data-driven educational management and provides two hypotheses, namely that educational management is a meta-science and that the educational management theory has been evolving since the first industrial revolution onward to data-driven leadership. These hypotheses tie together concepts from philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, cybernetics, and management to prove the emergence of novel concepts: metadata, metacybernetics, and metapsychology. Conclusions underscore that data-driven leadership allows anticipate and respond to global challenges and green preferences of life-long learners. The implications are that future studies should apply data to inform instructional design of learner-centered systems & environments

Does constant connectivity have an impact on the development of social skills? If so, how? Child development is defined as the physical, mental, social, and emotional development of an individual throughout the life span (University of Washington Department of Education, n.d.). Individuals whose constant connectivity influences behaviors will be compared and contrasted to the development continuum. Using a combination of past literature, observation (anecdotal evidence), deductive and inductive reasoning, along with verbatim translation of the participants’ words to the interview questions; the authors will explore the impact of digital connectivity on the normative development continuum. Seven individuals were interviewed before data saturation occurred. The participants were recruited via a convenience sample accessed using internet recruitment. In addition to demographic data, interview questions focused on a range of topics including interpersonal relationships, vacation, work, sleep, and entertainment. All of the participants spent more than five hours a day accessing the internet for non-work-related activity. Responses confirmed that constant connectivity was ubiquitous in the participants’ daily lives and influenced their daily activities. Some participants were more affected by their connectivity than others. The participants in this qualitative study would be considered fully developed adults. The influence constant connectivity had on these adults’ daily lives infers that children, with less developed mental faculties, will be affected to an even greater extent.

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the perceived reflection of teachers towards online teaching. The quantitative phase was an experiment examining the friendliness of online teaching to the undergraduate and graduate level students. Results indicated that teachers really missing face-to-face interaction and teachers need to be more creative in terms of online platform, resource management for online course. The qualitative phase involved teachers' perceptions towards online teaching. Findings suggested that several new IT tools, pedagogical methods, and has upgraded overall skills, while at the same time, has affected bonding with students that was taken for granted in the physical classroom. This study adds special contribution to the mixed method research in the area of online teaching.

Geophilosophy is a spatial concept that will be applied as a supplement to the geographical method, with the aim of better understanding the historical-geographical conditionality in the Central Balkans, its political-geographical evolution and the variability of regional-geographical forms. As a philosophical concept, geophilosophy was created by Deleuze and Guattari (1995) at the end of their scientific careers. From their philosophical point of view, Tampio (2014), Protevi (2010), Parr (2010), and others wrote about their work. This concept also has its geographical dimension, and significant results have been written about it by Woodward (2017), Bonta (2010), Peet (1998), and others. All these authors emphasize the importance of the book A Thousand Plateaus (2013). A form of new materialism with a politicized “philosophy of differences” was successfully developed, and in which the meaning of geophilosophy is created through the superposition of layers of thought. Although indications of geophilosophy can be recognized in Nietzsche’s works, and the whole concept can be interpreted as a philosophical aspect of geographical (geological) processes, this concept has a far more complex meaning (poststructuralism). This paper aims to apply geophilosophy as a method in interpreting complex historical-geographical processes, which, in addition to their complexity and long duration, can also indicate their certain regularity. The theoretical basis for this approach is sought through Deleuze’s and Guattari’s (1995: 121) view of the importance of the milieu, the notion through which they show that “philosophy is a certain geophilosophy just as, in Braudel’s view, history is a certain geohistory” and that to present through ancient Greece (allusion to the past of philosophy), modern Europe (present philosophy), while the process of emergence represents the future of philosophy. Lundy (2011: 116) interprets this so that exceptional geographical circumstances determine the nature of thought and that the nature of each milieu is as historical as it is geographical. In this paper, the miles of ancient Greece will be transposed to the neighboring Balkans and then explained through three processes (territorialization, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization) that will produce recognizable historical and geographical narratives.

Collective Intelligence on the Internet, managed through crowdsourcing, has allowed Internet users to put their eyes, ears, and minds at the service of professional security forces. The general objective is to support the security actions that these agencies carry out to ensure a safer society. Given the relevance of this topic, this paper studies through a systematic literature review how Collective Intelligence is being used as a support tool for the formal social control exercised by both states’ security forces and professional corporations. Using a morphological approach, the paper also structures the eight basic general crowdsourcing elements (crowd, crowdsourcer, task, technology, crowd reward, crowdsourcer reward, participatory process, and open call) into a conceptual framework to present an integrated overview of the design options of the formal social control crowdsourcing initiatives studied. This analysis also allows to identify different relevant interdependencies between design elements.

The overall focus of this research is examining servant leadership from a bottom-up perspective for developing and growing leaders in ministry to serve others first with love. The purpose of the research design was to investigate and carry out a plan that includes a hypothesis, several research questions, gather information from creditable resources, identify method(s) of measurement, collect and analyze the results, and finally, make recommendations. The overall strategy proposed to strengthen servant leadership from a bottom-up perspective to grow leadership in ministry and build capacity that can help close the gap between ministry and communities for transforming lives as servant leaders. The methodology for this research included a problem-solving one of a mixed-methods approach to collect data. Using this method allowed the researcher to employ both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through focus groups, email, data reports, and recordkeeping. Interviews were conducted via written responses. A total of 24 participants were in this study from different locales (zip codes, both urban and rural) and faiths.

The data from this article is derived from the experiences and prior knowledge of the participants in their online learning of a foreign language.

Introduction: Climate change (CC) is harming the planet. All of society should be involved in managing climate changes or it will become uncontrollable. Students should not be left out as they are regarded as important to the society and in a good position to deal with the changes because they will become tomorrow’s decision makers and influencers. Problem statement: It is unclear whether students at tertiary institutions are aware of climate change. Aim of study: The aim of the research was to explore the level of climate change awareness of tertiary students. Research methodology: The research adopted the objectivist ontology. A positivist approach was followed and the research approach was deductive. The intent of the study was to generalise what tertiary students think and know about climate change, therefore, the survey strategy was appropriate. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 603 students who participated in the study. The data were analysed using MS Excel and SPSS available at the university. A factors analysis was also performed. In total, 42 findings were identified. Ethics: Participants were informed of the purpose of the study and their rights to privacy. No cultural or any other sensitive questions were asked, and participants had the option to participate in the study and withdraw at any time. Finding: Students are aware of climate change, but more needs to be done to empower students to become advocates of climate change.

This study aims to answer if a province-specific income tax regime can promote income per capita in that city. We aim to answer this question in Kirsehir province setting. Kirsehir is located in Central Anatolia subregion of Turkey and has one of the lowest contributions to Turkey’s GDP and been having an income per capita which is close to half of the national GDP per capita figure. Given its socioeconomic structure, the city provides an opportunity to investigate the aforementioned research question. Our major finding is that a city-specific income tax for Kirsehir can help promoting personal income yet the positive effect can be maintained for a two-year period. This is a consistent finding that tax policies can support achieving economic growth only for short run.

We explore digital entrepreneurship in the banking and financial sector through the concept of organizational ambidexterity (AO), which is defined as the balance between the exploration of new activities and the efficient exploitation of existing activities. We examine how AO can help meet the challenges of viability and sustainability faced by fintech, which are startups that combine the attributes of digital technologies and finance. Based on interviews with founders/managers, our results show the development of a “mixed ambidexterity”, which combines exploration and exploitation activities. Contrary to the dominant scientific discourse, different forms of ambidexterity do not in themselves constitute “pure” or opposed forms. They can be combined using managerial levers to develop “multi-ambidextrous” structures, particularly in dynamic and competitive technological environments. Our research contributes to the entrepreneurship literature by a reflection through the managerial concept of AO. We propose an entrepreneurial approach based on entrepreneurs’ capacities to reconcile exploration and exploitation. We therefore extend our understanding of entrepreneur behavior through the concept of AO and address the lack of research on this concept in the entrepreneurship literature. Theoretical and practical implications are proposed for designing ambidextrous entrepreneurial organizations.