This review article supports the following: (1) Hippocampal area CA1 serves as an associative match-mismatch comparator, (2) Voluntary movement strengthens episodic memories for goal-directed behavior, (3) Hippocampal theta power serves as a prediction error signal during hippocampal dependent tasks, (4) The self-referential component of episodic memory in humans is mediated by the corollary discharge (efference copy of the action plan developed by prefrontal cortex), and (5) Impairments in the production or transmission of this corollary discharge may contribute to some of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Integrating Community Participation with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Reflections on Engaging the Autism CommunityShort Title: Community Participation& IPA in Autism ResearchGabrielle A. Heselton, MEd1, Gwen R. Rempel, PhD1, & David B. Nicholas, PhD21Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Edmonton, Alberta2Faculty of Social Work, Central and Northern Alberta Region, University of Calgary, Edmonton, AlbertaCorresponding Author: Gabrielle A. Heselton, Athabasca University, Faculty of Health Disciplines, 1 University Drive, Athabasca, AlbertaT9S 3A3, gheselton1@athabasca.edu780-966-9912

Heretofore, development studies seldom focus on the systemic twists of capitalism and the colonial past that contributed immensely to dislocate the African states as global financial competitors. The article engages the nagging reconstruction of Africa’s development discourse, in particular, the debate about the fallout of global development paradigm that created ‘two publics’ of the West and others. The global economic order metamorphosed from mutuality interface into subordinate-superordinate relations. The aberration negates the freedom of the impoverished to trade and, specifically, made economic transformation in post-colonial Africa forlornly challenging—not necessarily for being a poor player but for the constant shift in the goalposts.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using the wood seating elements designed for social distance in the waiting areas of shopping malls in the post-pandemic process on customers in shopping mall preferences. In research, it was assumed that there is a relationship between shopping malls with wood seating elements designed for social distance and the shopping mall preferences of customers. In a virtual environment, to test this hypothesis based on digital images of the social distancing wood seating element modeled with the Top Solid Wood program, a hypothetical study based on a questionnaire was performed. In this study, the questionnaire, prepared according to the 7-point Likert scale, was applied to 300 participants. The results were showed that shopping malls with wood seating elements designed for social distance in the post-pandemic process have a positive effect on the shopping mall preferences of the participants.

Abstract

This article develops an analytical model of force-composition that combines the advantages of conscription with those of an all-volunteer force. Using Israel as a hypothesis-generating case study, it argues that mandatory military service has undergone changes centered on five key organizing principles: selective conscription, early discharges, elongated lengths of service, forms of voluntary service and differing pay-scales and other material and non-material incentives for conscripts. These principles are “grafted” onto conscription creating a hybrid, “volunteer-ized”, model. The utility of the theoretical model lies in explaining how these principles facilitate mobilizing a needed number or recruits, providing an adequate level of military expertise, as well as maintaining the legitimacy of the armed forces by meeting domestic social, economic and political expectations about its composition and the use of personnel at its disposal. The system is adaptive and flexible, as shown in throughout the comparisons throughout the paper.

In this study, we used descriptive qualitative research in order to understand the straggle mother beggars made to provide the necessary support to their children in the absence of social welfare for poor children and their families. Hence, qualitative data were collected from mother utilizing face-to-face interview.

In five experiments (N=1,490), participants were asked to imagine themselves as programmers of self-driving cars who had to decide how to program the car in a potential accident: spare the driver or spare pedestrians. Alternatively, participants imagined they were a mayor, grappling with difficult moral dilemmas concerning COVID-19. Either they, themselves, had to decide how to program the car or which COVID-19 policy to implement (high agency), or they were told by their superior how to act (low agency). After learning that a tragic outcome occurred due to their action, participants reported their felt culpability. Although we expected people to feel less culpable about the outcome if they acted in accordance with their superior’s injunction than if they made the decision themselves, participants actually felt more culpable when they followed their superior’s order than when they made the decision themselves. Some possible reasons for this counterintuitive finding are discussed.

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceived impact of the COVID-19 lockdowns among early adolescents in the North West of England, as well as explore the self-care and coping strategies that helped the young people continue to thrive. Fourteen adolescents, 9 boys and 5 girls, from white (n=8) and non-white (n=6) backgrounds were recruited from four secondary schools in North West England. Remote interviews with questions about the impact of lockdown were conducted with adolescents. The protection of the participants was ensured by following protocols that had been approved by our institutional research ethics committee. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data, quotes were divided under the thematic content, and results were then interpreted by analysing links across the whole data set. Four themes were identified: (1) Change: ‘Life Feels Weird’; (2) Embracing lockdown; (3) Feelings of Loss; and (4) Stress, Worry and Challenge. Processes identified will be able to help inform policy and practice for supporting adolescents in the future, including the promotion of positive coping strategies and the provision of resources for young people, schools and families.

The focus of this paper is to examine the responses of NGOs and governmental bodies joint efforts in drought mitigation programs of southern Ethiopia, East Guji Oromo drought vulnerable areas in the 20th century. The manuscript also explores the role of thus bodies and the perceptions of local communities towards those organization intervention extents and ways of assistance to occurred hardships. Likewise, the article also tries to look, assess and well exhibit a well-known and still active NGOs in the area and their individual paramount participation, efforts and roles in the drought vulnerable areas of East Guji Zone, and types of aid, assistance, donation and empowering of the vulnerable communities; joint works with governmental organizations like RRC or DPPC and others in crisis anticipation, intervention and rehabilitation activities.

Violence against women (VAW) affects at least 35% of women worldwide. The need to combat VAW is seemingly noncontroversial: As existing work shows, ideology does not explain governments’ propensity to adopt anti-VAW legislation. Yet, effectively implementing anti-VAW legislation requires complex policy frameworks at odds with conservative values. Voters’ preferences can meaningfully influence policy outputs, so can electoral conservatism make women more vulnerable to violence? Employing data from 5,570 Brazilian municipalities, we find that conservatism in the electorate is associated with the adoption of fewer anti-VAW policies. With data from a nationally-representative survey of Brazilian respondents (N=2,086), we then show that conservative voters are less likely to prioritize the need for tackling VAW. That is, the adoption of fewer anti-VAW policies in conservative municipalities reflects conservative voters’ policy preferences. Critically, our results suggest that in contexts where the electorate holds conservative preferences, policy responsiveness may incur costs to women’s lives.

Human-environment relationship is a prominent discourse in many academic disciplines. Initial studies in social sciences viewed nature being independent of society but gradually researchers proved that both are related and dependent upon each other. Current studies confirm the association between humans and the environment which changes with time and space. Waste is part of the human environment and is ubiquitous. Climate change, environmental pollution, and vulnerabilities associated with it have been major concerns for policymakers, activists, and academicians across the globe over the past couple of decades. The report of International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 2006 delineated waste management as an important part of urban infrastructure having close relation to issues of urban lifestyle, resource consumption pattern, income level, jobs, socio-economic and cultural factors. According to World Bank estimation in 2018, waste generation will increase from 2.01 billion tones in 2016 to 3.40 billion tones in 2050. However, despite its significance in the academic world, the waste remains under-theorized. The meaning and value of waste vary from person to person and also from culture to culture. Rapid urbanization and globalization have led to the social, economic and political crisis with an increased amount of waste. The multidimensional nature of waste creates the need for interpreting it in a distinct way. With the help of theoretical pluralism, this paper aims at explaining the concept of waste through the theoretical lens of political ecology and actor-network theory. The political ecology perspective aims at explaining the environmental issues by analyzing the political-economical causes and provides the alternative for solving the issue. The actor-network theory explains the environmental issues by studying the association among actors at various scales with a special focus on the power interest of the actors as the cause of such association. These two approaches can be integrated based on the pragmatic approach and can help in understanding the complex reality of waste. The paper views that societal problems like waste can be studied with the use of both these theories with a firm hold on the context as they tend to transcend the dualism between nature and society.

The dataset originated from a graduate-level semester-long online course offered at a midwestern research university in the United States. This course - Online Learning Communities - focused on theories and practices of online learning communities (see Figure 2). Twenty graduate students enrolled in this course during a 14-week semester in spring 2014. This course was primarily comprised of inquiry-based online asynchronous discussions; discussion topics focused on theories, practices, and applications of online learning communities. Each discussion was framed within one week; topics were independent to each other. Keeping the same scale, the dataset in this research was comprised of all class-level discussions

This research was conducted with mainstream school teachers in the Republic of Ireland to examine their use and knowledge of EBPs for students with autism.

In this article we focus on the perceptions of Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) directors, leaders on leadership through the concept of community of practice and examine how it could be applied in the Finnish context during times of change. Data on the perceptions of 15 ECEC centre directors were collected via a focus group interview. The study employed qualitative content analysis design. The results indicate that the formal leader has an important role in leading the community. Moreover, building flexible leadership structures and supporting all community members in developing the shared pedagogical leadership are the building blocks of the future leadership as a joint enterprise.

The article examines peacebuilding and state building in post-conflict situation in Africa.

This paper aims to study and analyze the role of the Crown Prince in the political system of Kuwait.

A document by Francisco López Cantos. Click on the document to view its contents.