Decisive humility is a leadership meta-trait that enables authentic transformational leaders to exude idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. The purpose of this study was to introduce and describe decisive humility utilizing the case of Abraham Lincoln as an archetypal transformational leader with the necessary confidence, intuition, empathy, and bias for action required to lead the United States through the most chaotic and traumatic time in its history. Lincoln was a lifelong learner who educated himself on complex issues through constant reflection, intentional study, and seeking feedback from others. Decisive humility can be learned through intentional decision-making, reflecting on the outcomes of those decisions, staying grounded, and resisting egoism and close-mindedness. Future research in decisive humility should focus on developing methods of measurement, and explore other variables that may improve or inhibit decisive humility development with the overarching goal of replicating Abraham Lincoln’s greatness in future leaders. Keywords: leadership, transformational, decisive humility, Abraham Lincoln

This study delves into the challenges faced by Chinese EFL students, who, despite constituting the largest proportion of English students globally, consistently exhibit lower performance compared to their counterparts from other regions, particularly within mainland China. The research aims to comprehensively investigate the non-cognitive factors influencing English learning (EL) among Chinese undergraduate students, specifically exploring the interplay between EL growth mindset, EL grit, EL intrinsic motivation, and vocabulary knowledge within a Confucian-Collectivist context. A carefully selected stratified random sample of 382 students from a Chinese public university participated in an online survey designed to assess these non-cognitive factors and their relationship to vocabulary learning. Rigorous validation processes, including content validation, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Rasch analysis, were employed to ensure the reliability and validity of the study measures. The analysis, conducted using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), revealed significant insights into the intricate connections between non-cognitive factors and vocabulary knowledge. Notably, the research findings underscores the indirect relationship between EL growth mindset and vocabulary knowledge, emphasizing the pivotal role of persistence of effort in vocabulary learning success. Moreover, the study highlights the independent mediating capacity of EL grit, suggesting its influential role in connecting EL growth mindset to vocabulary knowledge, contingent upon the presence of EL intrinsic motivation. Importantly, the findings also consider contextual moderators, revealing nuanced associations based on gender and language context. The study reinforces the significance of a goal-oriented learning model within the Confucian-Collectivist framework, shedding light on how specific non-cognitive factors contribute to effective vocabulary knowledge in the Chinese EFL context.

Burnout syndrome is considered a chronic response to occupational stressors present in the work environment. Social interactions can constitute one of the stressors at work that generate negative feelings that can trigger a process of contagion of the syndrome among workers in interdependent relationships. The study aimed to analyze whether emotional labor (emotional demands, emotional dissonance) at the level of the leader and subordinate dyad operates together in the manifestation of burnout syndrome. The participants were 244 leader-subordinate dyads who answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic and labor data, the Spanish Burnout Inventory, a subscale of the Questionnaire on the Experience and Assessment of Work, and a subscale of the Frankfurt Emotion Work. Analyses were performed using the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) through path analysis. The results indicate that the emotional demands of the leaders and the emotional dissonance of the subordinates predict the leader’s burnout syndrome. The Burnout syndrome of subordinates was predicted only by the emotional demands of subordinates. Organizational actions are necessary for the better functioning of this dyad, aiming to mitigate the negative consequences of emotional labor for the worker’s mental health.

The over-all objective of this study is focused on gaining a deep, nuanced understanding of how senior high school students experience, express and apply their character strengths, with emphasis on how these strengths manifest in their lives, the role they play and the impact they have on their well-being and personal growth. Additionally, this research examined how senior high school students draw upon character strengths to cope with adversity and to explore the narratives of resilience and growth that emerge from these experiences.

Research has shown that the relationships employees have with their supervisors or managers is one element that may influence employee engagement and retention. As part of building a positive relationship, communication may be a key factor of influence. In today’s workplace, supervisors often use technology to communicate with direct reports. With the increasing use of technology to communicate, there could be influences on the perceived relationship employees have with their managers, with various media having different levels of impact. The purpose of this convergent mixed methods study was to determine which technology media are perceived to be most and least effective in fostering a positive relationship between direct reports and their supervisors. The full range leadership model (Bass & Avolio, 1994) provides a theoretical framework for this study and describes various leadership styles and their effectiveness in motivating employees. Specifically, within the full range leadership model, the transformational leadership style may be an effective approach toward engaging employees that could also be influenced by technology media. Our findings indicate that technology media may be especially helpful in bolstering the availability of supervisors, which may positively influence other elements of the supervisory relationship. The results further suggest that it may be important for all leaders to choose a technology medium that is personalized and preferred by the employee while also using the most effective medium for the type of message. Finally, leaders should understand the concerns that employees may have around privacy and the overuse of technology media.

Fanon’s political thought on tabula rasa is highly still in demand by the racialised subjects who continue to daily experience racial injustice. Uniquely, his political thought on how the racialised black subjects should be free, is still relevant to contemporary politics in a sense that it resonates with the current political and racial problems. Fanon remains distinctive in his dialectics, as his dialectics have the potential to create the conditions for existential lives for the racialised black subjects. Using qualitative as an approach, this article justifies such a distinctiveness based on the fact that Hegel’s and Marx’s dialectics are limited to an end, while Fanon’s dialectics are renewal and continual—linked to an enduring struggle. This is the recommended struggle—a highway for racialised black subjects to durable racial justice for all. Based on the fact that tabula rasa is explained as a potential tool for the creation of a new beginning and new humanism, this article elucidates that genuine and durable racial justice for all cannot happen without the intervention of tabula rasa. Why? Because, for Fanon, tabula rasa disposes of the minimum of what the oppressed and racialised subjects have willed, called for, or demanded.

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial individual vision and role models on perceived entrepreneurial opportunities resulting from the COVID-19, while assessing the moderating role of grit (passion and perseverance). The results of the path analysis method (based on the 2020 data of Iran’s Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) indicate that the “entrepreneurial individual vision” of early-stage entrepreneurs has the direct positive impact on their perceived entrepreneurial opportunities arising from the crisis. However, in the condition of the pandemic, Grit-passion, and Grit-perseverance exhibit a mixed moderating effect. The Grit-passion weakens positive effect of “entrepreneurial individual vision” on “perceived entrepreneurial opportunities caused by the crisis,” while the Grit-perseverance strengthens this positive effect. Additionally, in the challenging and difficult circumstances of the crisis, early-stage entrepreneurs find themselves inspired by the achievements of other entrepreneurs who have launched their businesses during the crisis. This role model influences the perceived entrepreneurial opportunities resulting from the COVID-19.

Socio-Technical Approach (STA) as a design principle works on the criterion of minimal critical specification and joint optimization of both the technical as well as the social system. Self-regulating work group holds the key to the underlying theory of estrangement and dissatisfaction in a job resulting due to want of self-control. Expectancy is normal and these expectancies influence behavior. The expectancy judgement which is a mental representation based on both the past outcomes and the current situation that an individual confronts has a causal influence on choices based on their behavioral pattern. Exploring the belief system towards a favorable trajectory about a behavior depends on whether the expectations are being met with a promising outcome or not. Observers over a period presented different learning curves for different people, albeit identical conditions. The learnings varied from person to person, while some responded predictably to reinforcement, others comparatively less so, and for some it was totally unpredictable. Hence, it is quite imperative to study the impact of the Socio – technical system design of an organization in conjunction to the psychological aspects engulfing an individual. The study is an attempt towards exploring the same.

Developing a digital transformation strategy is one of the current priorities of organizations in the knowledge economy. Digital transformation consists of a restructuring of the business model and organizational processes aimed at delivering value and a better experience for customers, mediated by digital technologies. Digital transformation also involves changes in the behavior and mindset of stakeholders, such as leaders, team members, and even customers. Leaders need to be equipped with the competencies required by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) to drive a sustainable digital transformation movement. This work presents the Leadership 4.0 competencies involving and mobilizing Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes and values, which can be used to identify leadership competencies gaps that limit digital transformation in the organizations.

The research team, prospective participants, and written materials all influence the success of the informed consent process. As digital health research becomes more prevalent, new challenges for successful informed consent are introduced. This exploratory research utilized a human centered design process where 19 people were enrolled to participate in one of 4 online focus-groups. Participants discussed their experiences with informed consent, preferences for receiving study information and ideas about alternative consent approaches. Data were analyzed using qualitative methods. Six major themes and sixteen sub-themes were identified that included study information that prospective participants would like to receive, preferences for accessing information and a desire to connect with research team members. Specific to digital health, participants expressed a need to understand how the technologies worked and how the volume of granular personal information would be collected, stored, and shared.

Given its significant socioeconomic implications, the nexus between military expenditures and economic growth has been the subject of an extensive theoretical and empirical debate. The present study focuses on NATO vs. non-NATO member countries as a case study to empirically examine the aforementioned complex relationship. Using annual data, we employ a panel model, as well as spectral preliminary analysis that takes into account the nonlinear behaviour of our series, positive or negative causal relationships and their coherence characteristics across both time and frequency domains. Findings reported herein from an extended panel of several states suggest that military expenditure enhances economic growth under the NATO alliance case, whereas it becomes harmful for growth in the case of non-NATO alliances such as the SCO & CSTO. Our study contributes to the understanding on the crucial role of a military alliance membership in the formation of the economic growth and military spending relationship. Hence, our findings can be beneficial for policymakers to account for the existence of possible spillovers that may arise from country participation in a military alliance.

A growing body of research is focusing on integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and computational thinking (CT) to enhance student learning outcomes. Many researchers have designed instructional activities to achieve various learning goals within this field. Despite the prevalence of studies focusing on instructional design and student learning outcomes, how instructional efforts result in the integration of AI and CT in students’ learning processes remains unclear. To address this research gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of empirical studies that have integrated AI and CT for student development. We collected 18 papers from four prominent research databases in the fields of education and AI technology: Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE, and ACM. We coded the collected studies, highlighting the students’ learning processes in terms of research methodology and context, learning tools and instructional design, student learning outcomes, and the interaction between AI and CT. The integration of AI and CT occurs in two ways: the integration of disciplinary knowledge and leveraging AI tools to learn CT. Specifically, we discovered that AI- and CT-related tools, projects, and problems facilitated student-centered instructional designs, resulting in productive AI and CT learning outcomes.

Brazil experiences a state of endemic violence with dozens of thousands of people murdered each year. The present work explored how this fact is nurtured by an ethos of conflict. The characteristics of the conflictual phenomenon, with connections to the state itself, make the division between the many groups blurred, although the structuring features of a conflict-supportive narrative operate to justify, explain, and keep a violent ambience. Bar-Tal's theoretical framework on the ethos of conflict is employed to map in a set of semi-structured interviews eight societal beliefs themes that structure a narrative supporting the culture of violence.

In this research, we explored the elements of an ideal apology in international relations from a victim group’s perspective and examined how these elements relate to attitudes and thoughts about the conflict. Using the historical disputes between Korea and Japan as the backdrop, we asked victim group members (Koreans; N = 200) to write an apology statement that they would like to receive from the perpetrator group (Japan). Content analysis of the statements revealed 11 new elements of apology hitherto undocumented in the literature, in addition to 14 documented ones. We ran a cluster analysis to group elements that were mentioned together in the messages. Four clusters emerged, and they showed unique patterns of correlation with participants’ attitudes towards apology and expectations about future relations. This research suggests that unique characteristics inherent in every international conflict call for more fine-tuned efforts toward rapprochements.

Proponents of remedial secession theory (henceforth RST) claim that a group obtains the right to secede once the state wrongs it. However, in doing so, they face multiple moral challenges and problems. Here, we identify five major problems with their normative claims while paying particular attention to the ethical and practical implications of the ‘implementation’ and the ‘appropriateness’ problem. With the help of Pollock’s method for evaluating moral theories, we conclude that the critical problems encountered by RST remain unresolved due to the untenability of its fundamental premise: that secession is an instrument suitable for achieving corrective justice.

A test development and validation of a Filipino Emotional Intelligence Scale for High School Students

One of the most understated interpretations in the history of political ideas is the influence of theology in the political thought of Jean Jacques Rousseau. This essay responds to this lacuna by advancing the claim that Rousseau's idea of the general will is best understood when one adopts a Christian theological perspective. Here, I argue that this interpretation helps us to understand why his form of democratic representation appears at the same time so closed, sacred, and absolute. As the communion with Christ works in the spiritual world, the mystical identification between the representative and the people, operates in the secular world. Given this conceptual convergence, this work has two primary tasks. First, it reconstructs and develops an explicitly theological origin of the general will. Second, it evaluates the extent to which the general will emulates the doctrine of communion. Finally, I add Rousseau's explicit belief in Christianism as a possible source for his concept of the general will. Taken together, I aim to provide a theological understanding of Rousseau's political thought.

Although many studies have investigated the moderating effect of boundary conditions on the relationship between abusive supervision and outcome variables, existing research findings indicate who copes effectively with abusive supervision but they do not tell us what they do that works. Using a sample of 305 supervisor-subordinate dyads in a two-wave survey, this study adopted a hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The results show that proactive personality negatively moderates the negative relationship between abusive supervision and job performance. The moderating effect of proactive personality between abusive supervision and job performance was mediated by job crafting (within of workplace) and leisure activity (outside of workplace). The study helps to understand the moderating mechanism of boundary conditions in the relationship between abusive supervision and job performance, also understand the diversity of transmission mechanisms involved.