Due to Modern science and technology, rural house would sources income are changing. This research investigates the non farm income on agriculture productivity in Pakistan. we took data from Pakistan social and living standards measurement survey 2017-2018. Heckman's two step procedure has been used to tackle the endogeneity and selection bias. First phase of the probit regression coefficient indicates and another phase OLS regression exhibits.

Primary as well as secondry has been added In this study

A less time-consuming method named Modified z-test is suggested here as an alternative to one-way ANOVA (completely randomized design) to test hypothesis manually for three or four samples with unequal and equal sample size respectively. Two illustrations taking sets of Microsoft Excel generated random numbers are solved with Modified z-test. Six assumptions of this suggested method are listed. Computed statistics and critical values according to this method and according to completely randomized design are compared and found to be significantly not different.

The release of the Netflix’s show 13 Reasons Whycaused significant public concern about the risk of suicide contagion among teenagers – particularly those who have suicidal thoughts. Practitioners and researchers expressed apprehension about the show for its apparent praise of suicide and for allegedly increasing suicide risk among vulnerable teenagers. However, there is a lack of clear evidence for the influence of fictional content on self-harm. Little is known about variations in media effects between news and fiction. The literature focuses mainly on non-fictional media reporting, without making any distinction between individual vulnerability and the type of media portrayal. The present article criticises the assumption that risk of self-harm is reduced by sanitising fictional content. The absence of scientific evidence is precisely why this article re-addresses the problem through an ethical perspective by focusing on the moral responsibility of Netflix in creating graphic content for young adults. Censoring fiction may do more harm than good, but producers have the responsibility to evaluate in advance the potential impact that such content has on vulnerable people and support viewers as well as parents, educators, practitioners through an adequate campaign of prevention.

The technology of interactive learning is one of personality-oriented technologies which provide self-determination and self-regulation of the student as a language personality. These technologies are based on using various methodological strategies and techniques for modelling situations to solve communicative problems jointly. The urgency of the problem is the fact that modern methods of a foreign language teaching have been switching from a communicative approach to an interactive approach. The latter is focused on a broader interaction of students both with the teacher and each other. The task is teaching to use the language through the interaction of people with different levels of language command and cognitive activity by overcoming the “cognitive conflict”.

Tamil politics in India has an enduring characteristic of a sub-nationalist orientation which, sometimes, bares with the populist mobilization by the political parties of Tamil Nadu. Recently, the working president of Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, one of the prominent political parties of Tamil Nadu, recycles the issue of Dravida Nadu, a hypothetical land for the Tamils own based on their ethnonational identity, which had been dropped almost 55 years ago. Dravida Nadu highlights the linguistic, cultural and ethnonational resistance against north-Indian dominated pan-Indian nationalism. Cauvery water dispute, debate over Jallikattu, anti-Hindi stance, and protest against the terms of reference of the Fifteenth Finance Commission are the signs of anticentre campaign in Tamil politics and being used not only for upholding Tamil cultural nationalism but for mobilizing the people in electoral combat zone in Tamil Nadu.

As the number of students diagnosed with attentional issues continue to rise, educators are constantly looking for alternative ways to keep students engaged for longer periods of time so that they are accessible for learning. The purpose of this study is to determine if a movement strategy, a bouncy band, will help students focus attention for longer periods of time and increase on-task behavior. A convenience sample of 25 students identified with attentional issues were selected to participate in the current study. Pre and post assessments indicated that the bouncy bands did have a positive effect on the student’s ability to maintain attention, listen attentively to adults/peers, and follow oral directions. In addition, results from the pre and post observations suggested that when the bouncy band was used as a movement strategy, there was a marked decrease in students off-task behaviors. Results from the interviews suggested that most of the participants believed that the bouncy bands were fun, helped them to focus, relax, and feel calmer when taking tests.

I mainly used macroeconomic (time-series data) obtained from Central Bank of Republic of Turkey and General Directorate of Budget and Fiscal Control. The data is open to public and can be obtained free of charge. While the former institution provided GDP data derived from national accounts, the latter institution provided the tax revenue figures from 1924 onward. I also benefited from household budget survey data provided free of charge and open to public by Turkstat (official statistical institute). My main method is time-series econometrics. I employed ARDL and FMOLS methods to derive figures which are used to calculate tax elasticity and to analyse tax progressivity. I adopted approach provided by Kakinaka et al (2006) to measure tax progressivity for Turkish economy. The paper presents preliminary results of an ongoing project of the author. The first results were presented in her PhD thesis previously.

In American chronicles of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries mention is made of the edible tuberous root sweet potato

This article which aimed at (1) describing religious pluralism as the context of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” (Unity in Diversity), (2) revealing prominent issues in politic of religious pluralism in Indonesia, and (3) analyzing prospect of political policy of religious pluralism in Indonesia, discusses some points of insights. First, religious pluralism is natural fact and socio-political consensus that be sociological basic of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika” as national motto of Indonesia. Second, there are prominent issues linking to politic of religious freedom in Indonesia, namely: 1) inconsistence of governmental regulations against constitutional provisions on freedom of every citizen to follow any religion and worship according to his/her religion and faith, 2) strengthen of religious conservatism leading to violent extremism which shows ineffectiveness of state policies in preserving religious pluralism in Indonesia, and 3) politicking of religious identity and sentiment in electoral politics. Third, prospect of political policy on religious pluralism is functionally determined by working of three agenda; 1) formulation of regulation which is in line with basic norm of constitution, 2) abolition of discriminatory regulations in local level, and 3) formulation of national rule which intentionally prohibits politicking sentiment of ethnic, religion, race, and inter social group in electoral politics in Indonesia.

Basic shape is one of the most important components of the learning design process. Using Western design thinking to understand shape, color and composition layout and attempting to reinterpret the application of traditional calligraphy from a design point of view—whether it is the expression of form or the meaning of content—are both important aspects of design thinking. The writing patterns of traditional calligraphy and the design creation of modern experiments may have different biases. If the artistic value of “the brush and ink of the time” is compared to the science and technology of innovation as the main appeal, the expressiveness of the traditional writing mode is obviously difficult to achieve. Using science and technology as an option for design creation is a difficult way to proceed; however, technology, ideas and thinking can still be in sync with the cultural issues of an entire era. This is also the test of the times to which contemporary creations are subjected. There are infinite possibilities for development, and it is worthwhile to explore these possibilities together with artistic aspirants. On the other hand, if we follow the well-beaten path of the status quo, the creativity of traditional calligraphic art will wither, it will deviate from the larger environment of the era in which it operates, and it will inevitably be neglected and pushed out by other art categories. The design and creation process uses the traditional calligraphy characters and drums as the theme, assisted by digital tools in the creation, and finally transforms the traditional calligraphy visual form into an expression of the art of science and technology.

Reincarnation of living Buddha is an important unique element in Tibetan Buddhism, and is indeed one of the crucial issues related to the “Tibetan Question”. In general, the legalization of the reincarnation has been witnessing a gradually deepening process. In 1793, the Qing court established the Golden Urn method and promulgated the 29-Article Imperial Decree for Better Governing in Tibet, marking the beginning of the legalization of reincarnation. In 1936, the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China approved Measures on the Reincarnation of Lamas which applied in peripheral regions outside Central Tibet. In 2007, the People’s Republic of China issued Measures on the Management of the Reincarnation of Living Buddhas that for the first time brought all the reincarnation systems in line with the rule of law. Historically, the legalization of reincarnation was the result of the game between secular regimes and Tibetan Buddhism sects. In essence, the legalization of reincarnation in modern China is rooted in a particular historical continuity since the Qing dynasty. The article aimed to develop a better understanding of the reasons underlying the legalization of reincarnation and provide the theoretical basis and factual basis for solving the current crucial issues surrounding reincarnation. It also discussed the crucial questions around reincarnation based on the legalization history of reincarnation.

This study aimed at investigating the Effectiveness of Mantle of the Expert in creative thinking Skills among the 7th Graders. The study conducted on a sample of 7th Graders at Kober Secondary Boys School and Upper Kober Elementary Girls School. The study sample consisted of (100) students split into two groups (experimental and control). The researcher adopting the Torrance test for creative thinking the verbal image “A” by examining the tests used in the Ristow study (1988), Edwards and Baldov (1987) study, and designing a teacher book for the (engineering and measurement) unit according to the integration between the strategies of the mantle of the expert and role playing. This study adopted quasi-experimental design. It included two groups (experimental and controlled) in two branches (males and females) for each group. The controlled group was taught by using the traditional method whereas the experimental group by the mantle of the expert. The data analyzed using (ANCOVA) test to measure the differences in the development of creative thinking between the control and experimental groups. The Conclusions showed that there are statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the creative thinking test due to the way, gender and interaction between them. Based on the Conclusions of the study, the researcher recommends the need to use the mantles of the expert in the teaching of mathematics.

This study investigates the case of Qatar Singapore Regional Training Center for Public Administration.As a tool for this process of policy transfer, the article further evaluates the case of Singapore- Qatar Asia-Middle East Dialogue (AMED) Regional Training Centre for Public Administration (RTCPA) in Doha, Qatar, as a mechanism to foster this policy transferThe study suggests that this evaluation would be a fruitful example in revealing the strengths and weakness of such initiatives and can offer a scheme for insights regarding effective tools of policy learning.

Background: There is a great deal of concern surrounding the dispensing practices; a majority of studies conducted in the KSA indicated that the risk of dispensing errors was increasing. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of community pharmacist education and training on medication dispensing and counselling. Methods: The data was collected by the researchers with a designed pretested interview questionnaire. Shadowing enabled the researcher to understand the user’s perspective.

This study explored the observed impact of the professional development training on agency employees and disposition toward sustained change in prejudice reduction in their applied practice over a period time.

This study investigates a relationship between agriculture and manufacturing industry output in Nigeria from 1982-2015, using the Granger causality, co-integration and error correction techniques. Empirical evidence reveals a bidirectional relationship between the sectors. Although, a positive and significant relationship exists in the short and long-run estimates, a long-run divergence from the vector error correction model suggest that changes in agricultural productivity are not restored to equilibrium, given that macroeconomic factors distort the linkage. Policy implications indicate that macroeconomic stability is a necessary condition for agricultural and manufacturing sectors to foster economic growth.

This paper argues that to adopt a “naturalized morals” perspective, and to match it with narrative studies, may help advance the study of empathy and its relation to multi-cultural ethics within the larger study of audience involvement. Firstly, different texts may convey different morals, and therefore require different audiences adhering to different morals in order to obtain a preferred or negotiated reading. This invites us to reconsider some old concepts (e.g. anti-hero) as well as some newer ones (e.g. the “bad fan”). Secondly, if studies of empathy tend to focus on character (dis)liking, narratologists generally adopt a wider view, involving multiple narrative agents including real makers, implied makers, narrator(s), narratee(s), implied audience(s) and real audience(s). Adopting this wider view allows for a more refined study of empathy that may play (or not) as a more diversified phenomenon at multiple levels. Thirdly, empathy is not the only player in this game. A brief introduction to phenomena such as prank culture and hate reading/watching suggests that a study of empathy needs to look also at some competitors in the field of audience involvement.