Repair describes the process through which participants in conversation address problems in speaking, understanding, and hearing. In interactions with AI-driven chatbots, repair helps users clarify their intents and addresses problems in understanding intent experienced by chatbots. This paper represents the first attempt to describe repair strategies in a task-oriented text-based chatbot from a user-centred perspective. It is based on the analysis of simulated user interactions with a chatbot facilitating health appointment bookings. The analysis shows that the self-repair strategies which users draw on most frequently (e.g. rephrasing) are not necessarily the ones which prompt the bot to provide relevant responses, whereas more successful self-repair strategies (e.g. restating the intent) tend to be more opaque to users and thus used relatively infrequently. This suggest that the notion of communicative competence needs to be re-thought for conversational AI and that communication skills for AI need to be taught explicitly.

Entrepreneurial opportunity stimulates action. Does it only stimulate entrepreneurs to action? Or to non-entrepreneurs as well? What it is, and what it is not? Who is an entrepreneur? The concept of opportunity has been a bedrock in entrepreneurship research since Shane and Venkataraman’s seminal work in 2000. Researchers have explored the emergence, the role and the purpose of opportunity since then. Despite more than two decades of scholarship on the construct that has moved us well beyond what Shane and Venkataraman originally defined and with seminal papers that have moved us toward a better and more sophisticated understanding of the opportunity, we are still asking who an entrepreneur is? Ramoglou, Gartner and Tsang argue that this is the wrong question. The definitional varieties and fragments move Davidsson to suggest dismantling the construct and re-contextualising it with a more suitable and coherent framework. Foss and Klein suggest doing away with the opportunity concept altogether. This paper articulates that opportunity still provides a fundamental scaffold to organise entrepreneurial research. We propose that opportunity exists as an artificial imaginative construct in the minds of entrepreneurs. We argue that the concept of an imagined opportunity can overcome the fragmented definitions with an elasticity that can clarify and sharpen its utilitarian value. This paper aims to shift the dialogue on how opportunity emerges, exists and changes according to the information presented and subjectively interpreted through mental visualisation/imagination.

Abstract Despite the expected dissolution of the informal sector with growth, the ongoing emergence and expansion of this sector, especially in developing countries like India, has raised a vibrant theoretical and empirical discussion. This paper aims to survey the vast existing literature on the informal sector in India, focusing on sectoral and intra-sectoral aspects such as firm structure, market structure, and firm dynamics. From the literature, we could identify that competition, or lack of it, happens to be a crucial issue in analyzing the above-mentioned aspects. Contrary to this emphasis on the competition by both the orthodox and heterodox discourses, we try to identify the role of intra and extra-firm collaboration in the context of firm structure, market structure, and firm dynamics. However, the role of collaboration in these aspects is largely under-researched in the existing literature and thus could be a potential scope of future research in the informal sector.

Although researchers have long employed videoconferencing, the technology became particularly popular during the “physical distancing” measures observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, which limited social interactions and thus curtailed in-person qualitative interviews. This interview method may grow due to the increasing digitization of researchers’ and participants’ environments. While there is abundant literature on videoconferencing and its use in qualitative research, the result of the analyses remains scattered and lacks a unified framework to capture how researchers have covered the topic. By adopting a systematic approach, this article provides an integrative review of research conducted over the past 25 years. The result is an integrative framework that summarizes knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of videoconferencing and provides practical guidance for researchers embarking on research projects using this tool.

Key contributions include 1) analytical dollar-denominated comparisons between blockchain/metaverse assets and fiat-denominated traditional markets, 2) comparative analysis of blockchain ecosystems both theoretically and empirically, and 3) demonstration of topic relevance to international relations, international political economy, and international development. The paper exploits public deep-order-book auction markets, allowing tick-to-tick observation of values of underlying assets (reminiscent of the early CRSP papers at Chicago), tethering the analysis to real prices paid in real markets.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor features. Many people with PD struggle with mental health issues such as depression. Evidence shows that people with PD may have trouble adopting a hopeful or positive orientation given their diagnosis and symptoms. Psychological treatments for PD are scarce and even more scarce are treatments that specifically focus on promoting hope and well-being. The Strengths, Hope, and Resourcefulness Program for People with Parkinson’s Disease was developed to begin to address this treatment gap. This qualitative study used in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 15 participants to identify seven processes group members found helpful during treatment: Accessing Hope, Comparing, Drawing Together, Reaching Beyond Self, Releasing Emotion, Sharing Skills/Picking Up Resources, and Self-Reflecting/Personal Insight. The unique contributions of an intentional and explicit hope, strengths, and resources intervention are discussed with specific attention to therapeutic process and practice. This study was reviewed and approved by the Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Alberta (ID # Pro00065937).

Teachers were surveyed across the United States between January and February 2021 (n=355). Participants were asked about learning modalities employed at their school as well as other factors related to COVID-19 mitigation, job satisfaction, teacher self-efficacy, burnout, teacher autonomy, and student access to resources.

This paper explores the possibility of improving the predictability of financial returns via a decomposition method called “External trend and internal componenets analysis”. Using some Chinese and American stock market, it approves that the method enhance predictability

In a context of ‘reglobalization’ of the world the paper discusses factors affecting fashion aesthetic values and global consciousness in hijab fashion production, circulation, and consumption among ‘Mipsterz’. Theoretically informed and methodologically articulated, the paper also discusses the function of the image as political theory.

The involvement of the Fourth Estate in the reconstruction of the political scene between 2002 and 2005 revealed more than just the weakness of those who should have been keeping an eye on politicians. Above all, it was crucial evidence of the imperfection of democracy in Poland. Many considered democracy to have a purely declarative and facade nature, claiming it was even some embryonic form of mediocracy. The essence of the problem consisted in the fact that we have never initiated any public debate on the subject. Instead, there is a permanent conflict in our country. Antagonization of the society is the idea of political elites in Poland for concealment of their own ineptitude, negligence and inability to build a serious state in the heart of Europe. The press (or the media in general), acting in the interest of politicians, utilizes mudslinging techniques (“black PR”) to incite and fuel negative emotions inspired by politics and worldview.

This study examined the relationship between the recall of chosen words and congruity between the selection criterion and type of pairs in intentional memory. Participants were asked to select a more pleasant or unpleasant word from two types of pairs, pleasant--neutral and unpleasant--neutral, and to remember the chosen word presented in the learning phase, followed by the free recall phase. Although the pleasant words selected from the pleasant--neutral pairs were equally recalled as in the unpleasant--neutral pairs, the chosen unpleasant words from unpleasant--neutral pairs were recalled more often than those in the pleasant--neutral pairs. These results suggest that the recall of the chosen words was determined by the congruity between the criteria of choosing and the type of paired words and the negativity bias in memory.

The ideal yet rarely discussed item to be addressed when talking about development, growth, and maturity during adolescence is various notions connected to sexual orientation with gender identity, relationship preferences, and role uncertainty as a life crisis. Trust, safety, acceptance, communication, and, comprehending one’s wants and expectations from a relationship are some essential components of intimacy. Challenges in Intimacy such as trust issues, imbalanced relationships, misunderstanding, adultery, and so on are common instances of problems that can arise as a result of unresolved trauma and preference differences from one’s past. Infidelity has not only increased but has been tolerated as a result of the expansion of Cosmopolitanism. Modern normalizations like Polyamory could encourage mutual understanding and acceptance, assisting in increasing inclusion. To determine if a person is likely to cheat on their partner, one must first comprehend their partner’s goals and requirements, as well as their relationship expectations. This paper aims to explore the current trends in relationships and addresses the gap in the theoretical framework of psychosocial development.

Many academics and early career professionals are tasked with assessing online contributions in graduate courses in education. Various methods suggest research has considered the use of rubrics and attempted to assess the level of critical thinking presented in online discussions, course design, assignment weighting, engagement in course material, relationships between peers, language learners and different subject specialists approaches to discussion forums and in some cases interpretative flexibility of the course and technology. In this correlational study, two data sets and four hypotheses were tested with the use of a correlational matrix generator: (H1) The “Time Online” will have a statistically significant positive correlation with the “Words Written” for both data sets; (H2) The “Time Online” will have a statistically significant positive correlation with the “Notes Written” for both data sets; (H3) The “Time Online” will have a statistically significant positive correlation with the “Replies” for both data sets; (H4) The “Time Online” will have a statistically significant positive correlation with the “Notes Read” for both data sets. Results suggest one data set presented statistically significant positive correlation in each category (p < 0.01) while the other data set only presented one statistically significant category (p < 0.05) for “Notes Written”.

A document by Bekalu Wachiso. Click on the document to view its contents.

This policy paper proposes a model for, ‘National Leadership Mentor Program for School Teachers’ on the lines of recommendations of National Education Policy 2020 of India for setting up National Professional Standards for Teachers (NPST) and National Mentoring Mission (NMM). The objective of the paper is to review two documents on National Professional Standards for Teachers & National Mentoring Mission developed by National Council for Teacher Education, India and propose the mentoring model, which integrates the mentoring aims with the career progression targets. The purpose of the model is to develop a system of scaffolding teachers by drawing in from the mentoring pool, prepared specifically for the skill sets and standards of particular level. The methodology adopted is qualitative research with documentary content analysis method. The key finding is that there is a need to integrate NPST with NMM for ensuring excellence in acquiring standards and movement through career progression. The proposed model provides the basis for implementation of NMM at a National Level.

This explorative study validates the relationship between East Orange, New Jersey high school students’ participation in VIP Online Academy’s earn-to learn programs and their perceived positive life trajectory and increased social/cultural capital. This paper also presents realistic data-based and attainable goals for future implementation. This research addresses urban high school students’ self-efficacy and the intertwined nature of their social and cultural capital. Further, this study explores the impact of online leadership programming on high school youth’s social and cultural capital and self-efficacy.

Shanghai issued a new settlement policy in September 2020, indicating that fresh graduates who have graduated from “world-class university construction university” can directly settle down if they meet the basic application conditions. The gradual relaxation of the settlement policy reflects the city’s demand and desire for high-quality talents. Based on the background of the new settlement policy in Shanghai, this paper selects the fresh graduates of East China Normal University as the research object. Through the method of questionnaire survey, this paper studies and discusses the willingness of fresh graduates to settle in Shanghai and the reasons behind it, explores and puts forward suggestions on the development plan of attracting talents and students career outlook in Shanghai.

Data was collected from a sample of Jordanian citizens who refused or are reluctant to take the Coronavirus COVID-19 Vaccine.