A test development and validation of a Filipino Emotional Intelligence Scale for High School Students

One of the most understated interpretations in the history of political ideas is the influence of theology in the political thought of Jean Jacques Rousseau. This essay responds to this lacuna by advancing the claim that Rousseau's idea of the general will is best understood when one adopts a Christian theological perspective. Here, I argue that this interpretation helps us to understand why his form of democratic representation appears at the same time so closed, sacred, and absolute. As the communion with Christ works in the spiritual world, the mystical identification between the representative and the people, operates in the secular world. Given this conceptual convergence, this work has two primary tasks. First, it reconstructs and develops an explicitly theological origin of the general will. Second, it evaluates the extent to which the general will emulates the doctrine of communion. Finally, I add Rousseau's explicit belief in Christianism as a possible source for his concept of the general will. Taken together, I aim to provide a theological understanding of Rousseau's political thought.

A Preliminary Analysis of the Effects of Perceived Soft Skills on the Leadership Styles of College Students Abstract Soft skills are important to leadership and leadership styles; however, there are limited studies on how perceived soft skills affect the leadership styles of college students. Therefore, the study assessed the effects of perceived soft skills on the leadership styles of college students. The data were collected from a purposive sample of college students in a leadership training program and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results show that the most dominant leadership styles were, telling, selling, and delegating. Regarding the selected soft skills vis-à-vis what participants would do in scenarios, there were four high combined “most likely” and “likely” responses, 70% or above for communication: particularly, for active listening, conflict resolution, writing a letter, and public speaking. For problem-solving, all five combined “most likely” and “likely” responses, were high, above 70% for creative skills, research and consult, consensus solutions, decision-making skills, and critical thinking skills. For work ethic, there were four high combined “most likely” and “likely” responses, above 60% for correcting an oversight, doting “is” and crossing “ts”, doing a task methodically, and completing a task on time. Additionally, the results of the multiple regression showed that the problem-solving soft skills, overall, dominated the composite leadership style. Therefore, problem-solving appears to be a critical soft skill that affects leadership styles. Keywords: College Students, Leadership, Leadership Styles, Soft skills

The aftermath of COVID-19 has seen the increased adoption of distance learning. However, research on digital content governance for such learning within the Finnish educational context is underexplored. Through content analysis, this paper provides an overview of the e-learning criteria the policy document developed to govern the planning and design of digital content. The result reveals that the e-criteria has four features: research-based education, modularity, diversity, accessibility of digitally supported learning and availability. The e-criteria improves the clarity, logicality, ease of access, standardization, and compatibility of digital content; it also fosters active and collaborative teaching and learning.

Previous research on classroom assessment has revealed a notable absence of students' voices in the existing literature. Despite recent studies highlighting the emergence of students' conceptions of assessment, there has been inadequate research conducted on the Fiji Islands. To address this gap, this study aimed to explore Fijian secondary science students' conceptions on the current assessment methods. Grounded in sociocultural theory, which emphasizes teacher-student interaction and justifies assessment as quantifiable, this interpretive case study enrolled 60 secondary science students on a voluntary basis. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and results were analyzed through content analysis. The findings of this study indicate that science students possess multiple conceptions of current assessment methods and prefer formative assessment to summative assessment. This study holds practical implications for both students and teachers, as it provides recommendations on how assessments should be planned and conducted in classrooms and how students learn most effectively. Furthermore, this study recommends the need for additional research to effectively implement alternative forms of formative assessment, to enhance student achievement.

This paper critically examines Australia's Demand-Driven Funding System and its impact on student participation in higher education. It explores the shift from a centrally-controlled allocation of university places to one where universities exercise autonomy and bear financial responsibility. Employing Foucault's governmental technology, the study reveals how universities navigate this new funding model through strategic calculation and risk management. Utilising semi-structured interviews and policy document analysis, it highlights the transformation from a totalising governance approach to an individuating one, where universities use financial data and calculative practices to make informed decisions about university place allocation, ensuring financial sustainability and competitive positioning.

The wide application of artificial intelligence technology in social production and life has had a subversive impact on the way of human labor existence. In the era of artificial intelligence, human survival labor, routine labor, and material labor are shifting to experiential labor, creative labor, and informational labor. Improving labor aesthetic realm, creative labor ability, digital literacy and skills has become the core issue and practical logic of labor education in the era of artificial intelligence. In the face of the new changes in human labor, labor education in the era of artificial intelligence should build an aesthetic, intelligent and digital education paradigm, guide workers to strive to forge ‘ the beauty of labor ’ and write ‘ the song of happiness ’ with labor, improve workers ’ digital literacy,skills in the process of enhancing aesthetic ability and creating a better life, open a new era of human-machine collaboration

In recent years, China's education has developed rapidly, but inequality still exists. In the Chinese context, educational technology and educational inequality are often discussed and studied together. Through literature review, this paper briefly summarizes the advantages and problems that need to be solved in the process of bridging the education gap of educational technology and puts forward the idea of promoting strengths and avoiding weaknesses from micro, meso and macro levels. Finally, it is concluded that using AI and other educational technologies as tools and focusing on learners' own knowledge, ability and literacy is the key to alleviating educational inequality.

The pursuit of educational equity plays a pivotal role in cultivating societal parity. This study aims to evaluate the patterns and inequalities in the mean per-student educational spending in public K-12 schools across the 50 states of the United States and the Federal district , spanning the years 2006 to 2021 while accounting for the effects of inflation. The study's results demonstrate an overall rise in per-student expenditure, yet it also highlights the presence of persistent and probably expanding disparities among different states. The differences identified in this research are attributed to the structural aspects of school financing in the United States. The text finishes by presenting policy ideas that address disparities and promote educational fairness, focusing on marginalized populations. These recommendations emphasize the strategic involvement of the government, market, and educational institutions in providing public services.

With 386 international students coming to China as the main research object, this study investigated and analyzed the status and needs of moral education for international students in China. The survey was conducted in the areas of moral cognition, moral emotion, moral will, and moral behavior. This study found that most of the 386 international students in China who participated in this survey had a high moral level, but there were still some students who had a low moral level. In terms of the demand for moral education, most of the international students in China want to improve their moral level through moral education. International students in China have a greater demand for professional ethics, common sense of law, mental health, and other content. The results of this study are of great value to the scientific development of moral education for international students in China in the future.

The profile of repeaters is often studied, but there is a research lack on whether grade repetition effects are homogeneous considering the student features. In this research grade repetition impact on secondary school in Spain is analyzed through an innovative approach. Propensity Score Matching is used to estimate the effects of grade repetition on academic performance according to sex, socio-economic status, school ownership and origin. The results indicate that the negative impact is especially significant among females, immigrants, students from vulnerable backgrounds and those attending public schools. These results highlight heterogeneous consequences of grade repetition, which calls for its re-evaluation.

Although prior literature has generally focused on the important role of customers' negative feedback in shaping employees' behaviour, these just mentioned the one-sided effect on the cognition or emotion of employees only briefly. However, previous studies has not provided an in-depth discussion of whether customers' negative feedback has both positive and negative effects. Based on the CAPS, we constructed a dual-path model of the impact of customers' negative feedback on job crafting via cognitive and affective paths, discussed the moderating effect of error management climate. A two-wave survey design is used to examine these assumptions with data collected from 392 front-line employees in various tourism and hospitality companies. As anticipated, we found that customers' negative feedback can play a double-edged sword role in each of the two paths, while error management climate moderated this dual-path mechanism. Overall, we conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

Abstract This study examined the relationship between the impact of weight on quality of life, emotional appetite, and psychological well-being. The study included 124 obese individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of more than 30 kg/m2, 129 overweight individuals with a BMI between 25-29.9 kg/m2 and 123 normal weight individuals with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2 who applied to certain nutrition and dietetics clinics in Istanbul. The Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Scale (IWQOL), Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EAQ), and Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWS) were administered to the individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between the quality of life and psychological well-being scores in the normal BMI group. There was a significant positive correlation between quality of life, psychological well-being, and positive emotional appetite scores in the overweight BMI group. There was a negative correlation between psychological well-being and negative emotional appetite. There was a significant positive correlation between the quality of life and psychological well-being scores in the obese BMI group. In addition, the psychological well-being scores of those in the normal and overweight BMI groups were significantly higher than those in the obese BMI group were. The negative emotional appetite scores in the overweight and obese BMI groups were significantly higher than those in the normal BMI group. Those in the normal BMI group had significantly higher positive emotional appetite scores than those in the overweight BMI group did. These findings are discussed within the theoretical framework. Keywords: Obesity, quality of life, emotional appetite, psychological well-being

This manuscript elucidates the Paired Voting System (PVS), a preferential voting system that builds upon the principles outlined by (Nanson 1882, 206; Wikipedia 2023). PVS orchestrates a majority-driven ordering of options, meticulously deriving a hierarchy from the collective preferences of voters. The system operationalizes four pivotal metrics—’WINS,’ ‘TIES,’ ‘FORS,’ and ‘FIRSTS’ in that order—all of which determined from Voter Ranked Preferences (RNKs). PVS transcends the individual ordinal selections of RNKs, synthesizing these inputs to construct unambiguous, majority-endorsed rankings. This places PVS as a significant alternative within the spectrum of voting methodologies. The manuscript provides an in-depth analysis of PVS’s functional dynamics, evaluates its capacity for decisive decision-making, and examines its potential to serve as a foundational structure for the Paired Proportional Weighted Voting System (PPWVS). The latter is an advanced implementation of PVS that amalgamates the weights of first and second place rankings from multiple districts, thereby shaping legislative decision-making with a more representative electoral calculus.

Frantz Fanon is often seen as both a proponent and radical critic of the politics of recognition. This article seeks to reconcile Fanon’s project of freedom as both being foundationally concerned with establishing the conditions for recognitive reciprocity and providing an alternative to the recognition paradigm. While it is argued that misrecognition poses a threat to freedom insofar as it consists in the objectification of an otherwise free and self-conscious subject, Fanon nonetheless identifies three freedom-disabling forms of recognition: i) recognition-seeking as a form of bad faith, ii) essentialist recognition of group identity, and iii) recognition as falsely equated with freedom itself. Ultimately, Fanon avoids these obstacles by articulating freedom as self-constitution, for which recognition is a necessary but insufficient condition.

Tocqueville builds up his psychology of democracy through his responses to Pascal, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. Reading him in relation to these three predecessors therefore enables us to understand what he takes to be the characteristic vulnerabilities of the democratic mind---what he would call the democratic soul---and the educational remedies he prescribes. From Pascal, Tocqueville derives the insight that the human quest for autonomy can end in a new subjection to public opinion. From Montesquieu, he concludes that the pursuit of wealth is less of a safeguard for liberty than the aristocratic pursuit of honor. In Rousseau, he acknowledges the Emile's critique of bourgeois society but finds immanent contentment an inadequate solution for the dividedness of the democratic person. The education Tocqueville prescribes is designed to draw the citizen out to self-forgetting, aspiring to poetic grandeur rather than to self-possession. This pedagogy addresses our contemporary concern with training leaders who can be excellent without suffering from the arrogance that meritocracy cultivates.

The study investigates the potential of anxiety clusters in predicting programming performance in two distinct coding environments. Participants comprised 83 second-year programming students who were randomly assigned to either a block-based or a text-based group. Anxiety-induced behaviors were assessed using physiological measures (Apple Watch and Electrocardiogram machine), behavioral observation, and self-report. Utilizing the Hidden Markov Model and Optimal Matching algorithm, we found three representative clusters in each group. In the block-based group, clusters were designated as follows: “stay calm” (students allocating more of their time to a calm state), “stay hesitant” (students allocating more of their time to a hesitant state), and “to-calm” (those allocating minimal time to a hesitant and anxious state but displaying a pronounced propensity to transition to a calm state). In contrast, clusters in the text-based group were labeled as: “to-hesitant” (exhibiting a higher propensity to transition to a hesitant state), “stay hesitant” (allocating significant time to a hesitant state), and “stay anxious” (remaining persistently anxious in a majority of the coding time). Additionally, our results indicate that novice programmers are more likely to experience anxiety during text-based coding. We discussed the findings and highlighted the policy implications of the study.

Objective: to verify and compare the quality of life of informal caregivers of children during and after cancer treatment; to correlate quality of life with age and socioeconomic level of the family. Methods: eight caregivers of children who were undergoing cancer treatment participated, and eight caregivers of children after cancer treatment. For evaluation, WHOQOL-bref and Brazil Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB) were used. Results: there was no significant difference between the quality of life of groups I and II (p=0.550). Group II stood out in the social domain for presenting a good rate (76%) compared to group I (64.9% - regular rate). When correlating the caregivers’ quality of life and age, it was found that in group I, advancing age positively influenced the quality of life index (r = 0.813; p= 0.014). There was no correlation between socioeconomic classification and quality of life in group I (r= -0.497; p= 0.210) and in group II (r =-0.023; p= 0.956). Conclusion: informal caregivers have a regular quality of life index. The increasing age of caregivers of children in treatment had a positive influence on the quality of life index. The socioeconomic level did not interfere in the participants’ quality of life.