The Effect of Innovation and Participation on Job Satisfaction And The Mediating Effect of Psychological OwnershipMustafa Aslan11Asst. Prof., maslan@hotmail.com and Hulya AtesogluAbstractJob Satisfaction is one of the most important subjects in the organizational behavior domain due to its importance for the organizations. Studies have demonstrated the importance, relationship, and effect of job satisfaction on several organizational variables. In this study, researchers investigated the effect of innovation and participation on both job satisfaction and psychological ownership and the mediating effect of psychological ownership. An empirical study is conducted with 316 participants working for different organizations in Turkey. Results show that innovation affects job satisfaction and partially affects psychological ownership, while participation significantly affects both job satisfaction and psychological ownership. Furthermore, psychological ownership mediates the effects of both innovation and participation on job satisfaction. Moreover, psychological ownership is one of the best estimators of job satisfaction along with participation, while participation is the estimator of psychological ownership.Keywords: Innovation, Participation, Psychological Ownership, Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this study is to translate “Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale” (WLEIS; Wong & Law, 2002) into Urdu and also to determine the psychometric properties of this scale. The final (Urdu) version of the scale is checked on a sample of 315 managers of the top four private commercial banks of Pakistan after the translation process. The validity and reliability of the WLEIS were evaluated by analyzing the “Cronbach alpha”, composite reliability, rho-A, and average variance extracted. The following hypotheses were formulated after detailed literature review (a) the Urdu version of WLEIS scores were positively correlated to three dimensions of job performance (JP) (b) Work engagement (WE) mediates the association between Urdu translated dimensions of WLEIS and dimensions of JP. Reliability of the four-dimensional Urdu variant of WLEIS estimated by Cronbach’s Alpha which is 0.67, 0.74, 0.77 and 0.75; rho A is 0.69, 0.76, 0.79 and 0.76 and composite reliability is .0.80, 0.84, 0.85 and 0.84 and AVE is 0.51, 0.56, 0.59 and 0.57 respectively. In addition, WLEIS-U dimensions have a statistically substantial positive association with three dimensions of JP and WE is proved to be mediator between WLEIS-U dimensions and dimensions of job performance. It has been found that the Urdu version of WLEIS in Pakistan is reliable.

The study estimates the Working-Leser model using Engel Curve approach. The result show that; food expenditure has the largest share of household expenditure in Nigeria while household expenditure on health, education and non-food expenditure have the lowest share of the total household expenditure in Nigeria.

1. Methodology 2.1 Study population and sample The target population selected for the feedback consisted of people living in Karachi, the biggest city of Pakistan, an industrial hub, and a port city comprising over 15 million population. The demographics included age, gender, profession, students, working, non-working, retired, etc. The city was under complete lockdown since the 1st week of April. The study conducted in the third week from April 16-23, 2020 for assessment of the mental health of the population in the context of lockdown and confinement due to COVID-19 in Pakistan. Because of the large population, the stigma attached to mental health, and ethical considerations the questionnaire was kept anonymous and the non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. 2.2 Rating instruments The Research instruments PHQ-9 was used for the assessment of the mental health of the population (Hartung et al., 2017; Hinz et al., 2006) under three week’s lockdown during COVID-19. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a nine-item depression severity measuring instrument with a total score of 20. Depression Severity Scores represent: 0-5 = Mild, 6-10 = Moderate 11-15 = Moderately Severe 16-20 = Severe Depression (Kroenke et al., 2010). 2.3 Data analysis PHQ-9 and GAD-7 forms designed on Google form and survey was conducted online sharing the link via Emails, Whatsapp, Facebook, and LinkedIn using 120 research volunteers. The respondent cooperation and readiness were high as it was anonymous, easy to complete within 3 minutes, and submission over a single click through their cell phone. The survey started on 16th April and was completed within seven days by April 21. The 6876 respondents completed the questionnaire included in the final analysis. The statistical analytical tool SPSS was implied for descriptive analyses. Initially, descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the demographic characteristics of people of Karachi under lockdown for the last three weeks (April 16 to April 23). Secondly, the prevalence of severity of depression symptoms was measured on a rating scale of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe stratified by gender, age, and occupation. 2.4 Ethical considerations The ethical committee of qualified psychiatrists and psychologists of BasicNeeds Pakistan endorsed the study. The respondents were not required to provide any personal information and identity to keep the survey anonymous; consequently, they participated in the study. 2.5 Demographic information The demographic elements consisted of age (18-65 in five categories), gender (Male & Female), professionals, students, and entrepreneurs (self-employed and owners of the SMEs). The study was confined to the urban population who faced strict lockdown restrictions and complete closure.

This work analyzes the biopower potential from municipal solid waste recycling and utilization in the region where residential income is low and most of wastes are not properly treated. This study thus benefits in terms of sustainable development and renewable energy production. Data is collected from various sources such as Jiangxi Bureau of Statistics and literature.

The class, check in, check out influences of teachers were studied in three classroom modes, serious, friendly and authoritative & dominating to assess effects of these on students self-assessed classroom achievements. Class teachers of same grades in primary schools exercised prescribed modes for one month. 180 students participated: 60 each in the experimented three classes. Each participating student reported self-assessed classroom achievements on a five point classroom achievement assessment scale. It was assumed that modes would affect self-assessed classroom achievements. Results achieved by SPSS ANOVA analysis indicated significant difference in all modes on achievement ratings. Teachers’ training and policy implementations discussed.

The study used qualitative research design where semi-structured interviews were conducted through face-to-face, telephone and Skype. Informed consent was obtained from the respondents after having received and understood all the study-related information. The data was gathered for three months and covered Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The research used referral sampling, involving 120 reporters and editors who handle financial news.

The data presented in the discussion and findings of the paper have been analyzed and interpreted in the context of the study derived from doctoral research.

This work covers the dissemination of climate change adaptation information in arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya with the aim of improving the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers through dissemination of well package technologies referred to as agro-advisories.

In this study, using OECD Countries 2000-2019 annual data, renewable energy in the OECD Countries (Particulate Matter) PM2.5[1] and economic growth. With the work, it is hoped that the contribution of renewable energies to economic growth by acting on the fact that renewable energy can reduce costs and air pollution. For analyzes, It was used “Johansen Cointegration Test” and “Error Correction Model”. According to this; there was a positive relationship between economic growth and renewable energy and a long-term negative relationship between PM2.5.   [1] PM, hava kirliliği için yaygın bir proxy göstergesidir. Diğer kirleticilerden daha fazla insanı etkiler. PM’nin ana bileşenleri sülfat, nitratlar, amonyak, sodyum klorür, siyah karbon, mineral tozu ve sudur. Havada asılı duran organik ve inorganik maddelerin katı ve sıvı parçacıklarının karmaşık bir karışımından oluşur. 10 mikron veya daha küçük çaplı partiküller (≤ PM10) akciğerlerin derinliklerine nüfuz edebilir ve yerleşebilirken, sağlığa daha fazla zarar veren partiküller 2,5 mikron veya daha küçük (≤ PM2.5)çaplı partiküllerdir. PM2.5 akciğer bariyerini geçebilir ve kan sistemine girebilir. Parçacıklara kronik maruziyet, kardiyovasküler ve solunum yolu hastalıklarının yanı sıra akciğer kanseri geliştirme riskine katkıda bulunur (WHO, 2020).

This paper aims to evaluate the current position of pragmatics in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) with focus on teaching of English as a foreign language (TEFL). First it attempts to reach an overall understanding of pragmatics by looking into its history and its main definitions in the relative literature. Building on this understanding, pragmatics is given a definition that suits the SLA paradigm, including second language learning and teaching (SLLT). Then the concept of pragmatic competence will be discussed and how it can be achieved. This paves the way for shedding light on the status of teaching of pragmatics within the field of SLA/TEFL. This will include its representation in published TEFL materials and the difficulties that face assessing pragmatic competence.

Comparing the mode of health crisis management in the four distinct jurisdictions of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United Kingdom, this article considers how varying trust-transparency mixes provide the context for understanding the public governance of the Covid 19 pandemic. The case of Covid 19 illustrates a trust-transparency paradox, whereby trust requires transparency (witness the reaction to early attempts in China to deny the virus and control information), but transparency can undermine trust (insofar as it focuses attention on the malfunctioning of liberal democracies and their uneven management of the crisis). Trust (inter-personal, civil society, political) is key to controlling the virus in the immediate sense, while transparency (and openness) is the precondition for a longer term resilient and sustainable policy response. The relationship between transparency and trust makes most sense in the context of open societies, where these concepts can be meaningfully investigated and correlated. The task of disinterested political leadership falls particularly on the shoulders of the main democracies that should work to guarantee global health governance.

There is a large reservoir of publicly available data that could be used to better understand the population risk caused by the novel corona virus SARS-COV 2. However, important questions subject to public debate have not been sufficiently addressed with empirical data so far. Based on data published by official sources covering the period from March 02 to May 31, the impact of general testing activity in Germany on the number of confirmed cases was investigated with a linear regression model. The model yielded an adjusted R square of .07, which was statistically significant but numerically too small to explain a substantial part of the variation observed. For the same period, the relationship between changes in public mobility and the number of confirmed cases was analyzed. A strong correlation (-.51) was found for mobility and confirmed cases on the same day, which decreased with an increasing time lag. The correlation was stronger (-.68) when the date of reporting was used as a basis for confirmed cases rather than the date of first symptoms. These findings suggest that public mobility decreased in response to infection numbers reported rather than mobility restrictions having an impact on case numbers. Two important sources of bias are discussed that should be considered for disease modelling based on public surveillance data. The strong initial increase of case numbers observed in some countries might be an artifact of the national testing policy. Furthermore, the numbers are subject to a strong negative selection bias which does not allow for valid conclusions on the population. There is a continued and growing demand for representative data to arrive at a more realistic picture of the true population-based hazard potential of this novel virus

The present experimental study was conducted to broader awareness and understanding about the relationship of motor performance with intelligence among working and non-working women. 100 women 50 working and 50 non-working inducted randomly in a randomized group design to study that how do environment richness adds into performance and how such is related with intelligence? It was assumed that motor performance and intelligence could have some link with working environment richness? The results revealed that intelligence has a relationship with visual motor learning and working environment richness that contributes towards the improvement of visual motor learning among working and non-working women.

This paper reviews writings already done and published on the topic. The Operating systems covered are Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 7 Professional and Windows 8. The categories of Vulnerabilities and Threats are discussed with mechanisms implemented and solutions known.

The acceptance of electronic laboratory information system (LIS) is gradually increasing in developing countries. However, the issue of time effectiveness due to computerization is less clear as there is fewer accessible information. One of the key issues for laboratorians is their indecision with LISs’ would-be effect of time on their work. A polyclinic in Ghana was in the process of implementing electronic LIS. Several of the laboratorians did not have knowledge and skill in computing and there were disagreeing views on the time effectiveness of the LIS after implementation. The management of the polyclinic laboratory was concerned to assess time advantageousness of recording data when using the electronic LIS compared with paper-based LIS. Five randomly selected laboratorians were provided two sheets of paper with tables to document the time they spent for both paper-based and electronic LIS. Data were collected for a total of 230 records,115 electronic LIS and 115 paper-based LIS. The t-test (mean-comparison test) was computed to compare the means of both electronic and paperbased LIS times. There was a statistical significant difference in the time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. The time spent between paper-based and electronic LIS was 0.41 minutes (95% CI 0.15 to 0.66) longer than in electronic LIS. LIS can be adopted in polyclinics without having significant negative impact on time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. More time–motion studies that include laboratorians are however necessary in order to get a more complete picture of time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS.

Justice expectation of crowd workers in German speaking countries are studied empirically on the basis of 36 qualitative interviews and a survey of 230 crowdworkers.

Background: There is lack of information on impact of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic on routine cancer care delivery. Aims and Objectives : To evaluate the change in Day Care Chemotherapy (DCC) and Out Patient Department (OPD) patient numbers before and after COVID-19 national lockdown. Material and Methods: Demographic data, diagnosis, type and frequency of chemotherapy delivered in Day Care between 1st February 2020 to 31st July 2020 were retrieved. Out Patient Department daily patient numbers were collected. Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio, Chi-square and Student T test were used to measure change in pattern of DDC and OPD patient numbers before and after 24th March 2020 (day of Lockdown). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of correlation between rise in COVID-19 cases and patient numbers. Results: 3192 DCC and 8209 OPD visits were recorded in 126 working days. Median age was 47 years( SD + 19.06). Breast (17%) and Gall bladder( 15%) were the most common cancers receiving chemotherapy. There was a significant decrease in number of DCC delivered in post COVID lockdown [ mean 21.97 ( + 9.7)] compared to pre COVID lockdown [mean 33.30 (+11.4)], t=4.11, p = 0.001.There was a significant decrease in number of OPD visits in post COVID lockdown [ mean 47.13 ( + 18.8)] compared to pre COVID lockdown [mean 89.91 (+30.0)], t=7.09, p = 0.001. The odds of receiving weekly chemotherapy over non weekly regimes significantly decreased post COVID lockdown with Odds ratio of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.36-0.75) with Chi square of 12.57, p =0.001. Daily COVID cases in State and OPD patient number were found to be moderately positively correlated on Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.35,p =0.001. Conclusion: There was a significant fall in patient visit and chemotherapy cycles immediately after lockdown. The numbers increased later despite rise in COVID-19 cases.