Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s historic speech at the 29th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) was the first ‘strategic communication’ by the father of the nation at the Assembly following Bangladesh’s admission to the United Nations. Apart from the well-known and much-to-be-proud of fact that the speech was delivered in Bangla, the content of this speech stands out as a key document, begging to be studied from an international relations perspective and the enduring ideals it enunciates and has been in practice by Bangladesh. This paper seeks to answer: to what extent has Bangladesh remain seized supporting the enduring ideals on key global issues enunciated by Bangabandhu in his speech at the United Nations? Accordingly, the paper carries out a (i) content analysis to identify the enduring ideals (ii) comparison of Bangladesh’s positions on the 1,284 UNGA resolutions that were put to vote between 2001-2017 to assess country’s support to those ideals. The paper finds that, except for the politically sensitive country-specific human rights resolutions, Bangladesh has consistently remained seized in supporting Bangabandhu’s ideals in all thematic categories (between 92-100% ‘yes’ votes). It demonstrates that Bangabandhu’s emphasis on the primacy of the United Nations to build a peaceful and just world, non-alignment, peaceful co-existence, economic emancipation and global solidarity has become much more relevant in the Covid-19 era and the current geopolitical context of South Asia. The paper opens new avenues to use a novel methodology to conduct evidence-based research on the policy ideals and its practices.

Enriching our scientific understanding of the biological world has been a major contribution of naturalists. However, while contributions from individuals such as Charles Darwin are both well-known and taught, those of female naturalists remain relatively unknown and have not entered curriculum. This absence means fewer options available to teachers which could address an increasingly diverse student population. Confounding this gap is the time and resources allotted by secondary schools for molecular biology and medically-oriented labs which are useful, but not always essential for natural history or biodiversity studies. Given this background, this paper suggests that funds and support be divided between DNA labs and a movement towards “environmental-science era” enrichment. This would allow classes to incorporate personalities, lessons, and observations of key naturalists and natural histories. Thus, teaching the how and why of Darwin’s becoming a naturalist, followed by stories of female naturalists responds to diversification of the student body and more directly matching curriculum to pressing national needs. Thus, prior to making their conclusions, students have been exposed to what is termed here “teaching developmentally,” so that they can see how these individuals became scientists. biodiversity, totaling over 800 citations, and continues to work for various educational services as an instructor or director.

Disequilibrium, and complexity are the distinguishing characteristics of entrepreneurial phenomena. How do the entrepreneurs arbitrage, leverage and benefit in the disequilibria and what spur them to action? The force that drives entrepreneurial ventures, from creation to sustaining them through to exit, and then through innovation to extend the game or recreate another play, there is an imminent force that holds and sustains entrepreneurial momentum. Entrepreneurial energy, a coined terminology in this paper, is that endogenous force. There are scarce researches on energy relating to entrepreneurship, in particular, there is no specific mention of the “entrepreneurial energy” in the theory of entrepreneurship. The closest proxy is entrepreneurial passions. Passion cannot be held in equal doses throughout the venture pathway. John Maynard Keynes coined the phrase “animal spirits” in his 1936 book “The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money”. (Keynes, 1936) He used the term to describe emotions that influence human economic behaviour. Animal spirits create an ambience of trust and faith and are a necessary prerequisite for human actions, much more than quantitative logic. Keynes felt animal spirits were needed as a goad to economic action rather than inaction. Schumpeter (Schumpeter, 1942) came up with the German word Unternehmergeist, meaning entrepreneur-spirit, adding that these individuals controlled the economy because they are responsible for delivering innovation and technological change. Whether its entrepreneurial energy, animal spirit or entrepreneur-spirit, it is a force that needs reckoning with in entrepreneurship study. Entrepreneurial energy is the force that sustains the momentum and velocity of progression in the venture. Energy can rise through excitation/ agitation and fall through decay of the energy as a result of predicaments or failures. Entrepreneurial energy is an endogenous force that fuels motivation and sustains entrepreneurial action and momentum. Encapsulating hope, optimism and obsessiveness, the nature and experience of the entrepreneurial energy provides meaning to the entrepreneurial pursuit and venture. Entrepreneurial energy is a motivational construct characterised by positive intense feeling, emotional arousal and internal drive and engagement in the pursuit that is salient to the self-identify of the entrepreneur. The positive affective state also generates positivity in the cognitive state fostering creativity and recognition of new patterns of information critical to opportunity recognition and exploitation in the external environment. Entrepreneurship, after all, is a science of turbulence and change, not continuity. Turbulence is caused by certain force. Such is the force in entrepreneurship, like the wind is felt but not seen; or seen through the ruffle of the leaves but not the wind itself. To address this omission in this area of research, this paper will demonstrate that entrepreneurial energy can be better understood if examined through the lens of complexity and quantum science. The indeterminacy in uncertainties and chaos theories best describe the dynamically complex, fast, volatile, uncertain disrupted, diverse, ambiguous, hyper-turbulent and hyperconnected entrepreneurial ecosystem. This paper contributes to entrepreneurship research by developing a complexity-based and uncertainty-based definition of entrepreneurial energy. This energy will be referred in the context of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (space) where the entrepreneurs (object) exist over time. Building on this definition, this paper connects the research on entrepreneur to venture-level complexity and entrepreneurial multi-finalities/ pathways. This paper will explore how these force originates and is sustained- that will influence entrepreneurial emergence and continuation- from intentionality of entrepreneurs and the coherence of entrepreneurial activities, through to the exploration and exploitation of perceived opportunities within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Beyond developing the theory, this paper will also explore how scholars can further examine entrepreneurial energy as a complex play of forces through interpretivist methods. The theorizations in this paper also have implications for entrepreneurs and policymakers.

This qualitative study has created a special research design in order to analyze the perceptions of High-School students towards a gender-equal labour market access: instead of having interviews, qualitative focus groups were held in which the participants - males as well as females - could discuss their perceptions critically

The article ‘Rumours and Realities of marriage Practices in Contemporary Samin Society’ published on Humaniora (June 2010) confirmed that the myths of the practices of ‘virginity tests’ and ‘stray marriages’ to be discredited. In contrast, the Samin community through their marriage system show a world full of respect for women, a world that is egalitarian. The rumours have made Samin people vulnerable and marginalised. Those who were mostly insulted by the rumours were women. This article explores the history of Samin society and its social political context to reveal the reasons behind the rumours.

Numerous studies attribute the Eurozone crisis and the failure to resolve it to German elites’ and voters’ fealty to Ordoliberalism. This interpretation is shared by the otherwise antagonistic historical institutionalist and ideational schools of comparative political economy, which both hold that it was German policy institutions’ or leaders’ ordoliberal principles that brought them to blame the crisis in the Eurozone’s periphery on fiscal profligacy and to intervene “too little, too late” for fear of violating Ordoliberalism’s central liability principle. This article posits that this ordoliberal interpretive and prescriptive framework is inadequate to explain Germany’s response to the Eurozone crisis. Deploying a neoclassical realist framework, the article argues that Ordoliberalism was pursued as a strategic idea when it was consistent with core German economic and political interests, notably the preservation of the country’s export-led growth model and leadership of the European Union (EU), as well as the principal institutions, such as the Single Market and European Monetary Union (EMU), advancing these interests. Conversely, when a strict application of its principles ran counter to the latter, German decisionmakers demurred from pursuing Ordoliberalism. The article considers the political implications of Germany’s selective pursuit of Ordoliberalism for the EU. It concludes that this strategy may be undermining the functional basis and political legitimacy of German hegemonic governance in Europe.

In a randomized groups design 50 couples including 50 husbands and 50 wives belonging to joint and nuclear families were tested to study the presence of anima and animas contributory role in both spouses towards family dyadic and it relationship with joint and nuclear families. Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) for family dyadic and The Masculine and Feminine Self-Disclosure Scale (MFSDS) were used to measure participants’ masculinity (anima) and femininity (animus) role in both spouses as contributory factor toward family dyadic in both family types. It was assumed that some useful information would emerge? SPSS was used for responses analysis. Significant .correlation between MFSDS .532**and DAS.657** found. MFSDS predicted DAS significantly F (df = 97) = 54.37, p <.001. Traditional binary role were not much clear, a non significant relationship was found between family types and participants scores on both tests. The findings pointed toward further dyadic focus for contributory role of masculinity and femininity levels of spouses in both family types.

This is an exploratory qualitative study drawing upon personal observations and review of documents.

The space within which the entrepreneurs exist is filled with risks, opportunities and other environmental resources. Scholars have argued that entrepreneurs are constantly discovering and identifying value potentials because significant values arise from the existence of positive externalities which can be captured and exploited. Positive externalities or opportunities can create substantial and desirable gains if they can be monetized, leveraged and exploited. These externalities refer to the natural environmental resources within the space where the entrepreneurs operate (Hoogendoorn et al., 2019). From the perspective of space, this paper will explore the emergence of opportunities or risks within the space through the theoretical lens of structuration and complex science and will specifically discuss the collision and the meeting of opportunities with the entrepreneurs at the nexus from the perspective of entrepreneurial energy excitation. Entrepreneurship originates from a nexus of individuals and opportunities (Shane, 2003). The unique juncture in space or nexus in which the entrepreneurs and opportunities exist is central to the study of entrepreneurship because it is in this juncture or nexus that identification and evaluation of risks and opportunities take place. It is the subsequent human actions, driven by the level of entrepreneurial energy that will lead to the myriad of possible venture pathways. For risks, entrepreneurs perceive them and will subsequent work towards mitigation or avoidance through varied measures. The exploitation of opportunities is concerned with acquiring and employing resources in the space to gain certain advantages. Likewise, with risks, entrepreneurs perceive the risks and work towards the mitigation or avoidance of the perceived risk in the venture pathways. In this paper, entrepreneurship is viewed through structuration and complexity science lens to present the entrepreneurial venture as the instantiated outcome of the entrepreneur–opportunity interaction through time and space (Sarason et al., 2006). Complexity science offers a theoretical lens for exploring the complex interdependencies of a complex, and adaptive pluralistic world with irreversibility and randomness being the rules- a dynamical systems in the natural and physical worlds. The key central concept of complexity is that interactivities between parts of open systems that creates unpredictable and seemingly random patterns. While the history of the open system is relevant in understanding its dynamics, the specific isolation of individual part of the system does not reveal the casual mechanisms in the system (Fuller & Moran, 2001). The paper explores whether how entrepreneurial energy arise from the convergence/ collision of entrepreneurs with opportunities in a dynamical, unpredictable and random way in a nexus in space.

This study uses panel data (2011-12, 2013-14, 2015-16) from three sources—the US Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (OCR), the National Center for Education Statistics’ Common Core Data (CCD), and the Ohio Department of Education (ODE) school report cards. These data were then merged using a common key to create one large dataset. OCR and CCD data have a common school identification key that was readily available. Data from ODE contained Building and District identification numbers that were concatenated to create a school ID that was identical to the one in the other two datasets.

This article briefly discusses the accommodative politic of Indonesia’s Islamic civil society from the perspective of ideological background, society and role point of views during the period of New Order regime. During that time, Muslims was the group of societies that mostly experienced suppressions by the regime. To keep their existence, the Islamic civil society used a political approach that was accommodative to encounter the regime’s policy and diffuse within the government. Surprisingly, this ideological politic remained useful and grew during the New Order regime period, leading the main element in triggering the democratization process. The findings of this study show that the peoples’ social background and level of understanding on ideology, politic and sociological reality contributed to the effectiveness of the accommodative politic implementation. Furthermore, the Islamic society played a vital role as “driving” force in the democratization process in Indonesia, indicating that Islamic ideology is apparently in agreement with Democracy

Secondary and primary data used for analysis of the propositions

Workplace training or on-the-job training (OJT) is important from the point of view of both the organisation and the employees. It affords new skills, learning opportunities, and career mobility to the workers. From the employers’ perspective, OJT helps in increasing productivity and efficiency of operations. However, in the context of India, very few studies have looked into the determinant factors behind OJT by firms, their perspective on the importance of OJT, and the challenges they face with regard to the provision of OJT. Similarly, studies on the access to OJT by the workers and impact on their earnings are largely absent. The present paper touches upon some of these aspects using the Enterprises Survey of the World Bank (ES 2014) and the Period Labour Force Survey of National Statistical Organisation (PLFS 2017-18). The study finds that in India there exists a strong association between the provision of formal training by the firms and the size of the firms, their inclination to innovation, and quality certification by international agencies. In the manufacturing sector government enterprises still provide the best opportunities for training. On the other hand, individual worker level data reveals that access to the OJT is associated with the place of residence, educational level, sector, age, and gender. Although OJT improves the earnings of the workers, there exists a wide gender inequality in earning even among the OJT trained workers.

The understanding of the origin and nature of child sexual assault and its consequences is urgent. It benefits to child victims and helping institutions and the professionals who working in it. This article shows that child sexual assault basically was the product of patriarchal culture and sexist society which tend to marginalise the women and children’s position, by creating some myths to legitimise male sexual violence. The occurrence of child sexual assaults has many consequences on children including physical and mental health. Another consequence is they may have to involve themselves in a prosecution process. Therefore, it is very important to understand the victim’s problem. Understanding and giving sympathy to them during the making of reports to the police, during recovery from physical injuries and trauma, and during a prosecution process can help them to reach integration level and stability. The good coordination and collaboration between agencies and professionals can lead to the friendly services to the victims. Furthermore, children will not alone facing their problem during the recovery.

Qualitative and Quantitively Analysis of data on the elderly in Cheshanga, Mberengwa was carried out

Analysis based on semi structured interviews with police participants involved in transnational policing.

India’s north-east region, comprising of eight States is one of the less industrialised and economically backward areas of the country. Lack of skilled manpower has been identified as one of the major reasons for the underdevelopment of the manufacturing sector. Recently, the government of India has embarked on an ambitious target of improving the skill base of the country through expansion of the vocational education and training (VET) programmes. In this context, the paper examines the access to VET among the working-age population and the impact on employment and earnings using the Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18. The paper argues that despite the recent initiatives on massive skilling of the country’s youth a very little section of NE has accessed formal VET. Moreover, although it has some impact on raising labour force participation, there is no evidence that formal VET courses are effective enough to increase earnings, bridge the gender gap in wages, or the improving work conditions of the VET holders.

To improve the efficiency of 21st century learning and promote achievements, this paper studies the influence of the growth mindset on students and teachers. This study aims to develop the growth mindset scale with the evidence of structural validity, the measurement of direct and indirect effects of the Chinese context. To achieve the research objective, this study investigated 654 participants, including 321 students at different learning stages and 266 teachers from primary and secondary schools. In the investigation, using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus8.3, we conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation model (SEM), mediation analysis, and one-way ANOVA method to achieve the study aim.