The place of norms in international affairs is a subject long discussed, but the concerns persist even in the 21st century. Indeed, the turbulence in the world never ends but shifts. Once a region is seemingly enjoying stability and peace, others struggle to deal with instability and turbulence. The affected regions, when it degenerates into uncontrollable crises or unthinkable human rights abuse, require some interventions to reduce the casualties and save lives. Therefore, the need to intervene is not a bad thing, rather the inherent motivations and justifications for the course often is. Are humanitarian interventions really driven by norms or interest? The paper attempts to interrogate this simple but complex question using the post Gaddafi Libya as an example. The paper argues that the projection of norms as the motivation for modern humanitarian interventions are more palpable and a sideshow of the great powers. The paper relied heavily on desk review of secondary data.

Introduction: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Europe has intensely increased in recent decades. To acquire information about the patterns and trends of CAM use in Slovakia, a nationwide representative survey was conducted on Slovakian adult population. Methods: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was administered to the general population of Slovakian residents aged 18 years and over. The respondents were interviewed face-to-face by professional interviewers. Data were collected during September 2019 as a part of an omnibus survey on a variety of subjects. Results: Altogether, 82.4% of the respondents reported either regular CAM method use or the lifetime prevalence of such use. The most frequently reported group of methods were biologically based treatments (78.9%), followed by manipulative and body-based methods (54.4%), mind-body interventions (31.9%), whole medical systems (18.2%) and energy therapies (4.2%). Vitamins (71.1%), herbal teas (68.1%), massages (53.6%), religious healing (20.3%) and special diets (18.8%) were the five most commonly preferred CAM modalities. It was indicated that female respondents with higher household income are more likely to use CAM. Conclusions: Female gender, higher income and higher education are significant predictors of CAM use. The study highlights the association between satisfaction with healthcare systems, health situations, and the use of CAM.

This article presents an analysis of the confrontation of the State to act against sexual violence against children and adolescents, with a common name to the terms children and adolescents, with the objective of discussing public policies. Efforts are concentrated on the legal and regulatory aspects for sustainability and implementation of public policy programs in the Brazilian state. Initially, consideration was given to the definitions and concepts of public policies based on the main doctrines and researchers on the topic, such as Wildasky (1979); Maria Paula Bucci (2006), guidelines for making political decisions are added in the structuring and formulation of concrete actions, as indicated by Enrique Saraiva (2006). Then, it dialogues with the list of the main public policies arising from the action of the Brazilian state, listing the main ones: Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA) through Law No. 8,069 of July 13, 1990; the creation of the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents (CONANDA) in 2000, among other programs in the following years, including the National Plan to Combat Child and Youth Violence (PNEVSCA), the Integrated Actions Program and References for Confronting Child and Youth Violence in the Brazilian Territory (PAIR) and the Sentinela Program, which constituted a set of social assistance measures to assist children and adolescents who are victims of sexual exploitation. In addition, it discussed the international conventions adopted by the United Nations (UN) for the rights of children and adolescents, as well as considerations about the indicators of sexual violence against them. Finally, it was concluded that the National Plan to Combat Violence against Children and Adolescents in the Brazilian case was important as a policy outlined and implemented in its different phases as a cycle of public policies, and that despite the progress, the current perspectives are outlined by the state as incipient and without the necessary resources as required. In this sense, the state’s policy focuses precisely on responding to various situations of violence in the context of social vulnerability.

A dialectic pragmatist stance provides ways of meaningful engagement with differences encountered in the context of study, in terms of cultural, ethnic, linguistic and other forms of diversity. The issues and challenges in the delivery of a multi-faceted and multi-dimensional curriculum as well possible solutions and enablers were also reviewed. The consolidated findings from the study reveal that teachers often use a hybrid pedagogical approach, blending both local and international practices and values in the delivery of the enacted curriculum. The potential and possibilities of culturally responsive, place-conscious pedagogical practices, rethinking the roles of teacher and learner, as well as the need for collaborative partnerships and relationships within communities of practice so as to enable the delivery of a future-oriented curriculum that address issues of equity, sustainability and social justice is reviewed and affirmed. The pragmatist research paradigm engages everyday realities and allow practical methods to elucidate issues from multiple viewpoints and contexts. A dialectical stance comprising of a constructive- interpretivist worldview facilitated the analysis of findings across the data sets.

This work aims to show the development of an editorial project that, with the objective of giving voice to different points of view on transversal topics to society, proposes to adopt the new editorial paradigm and adapt to the new reality in accessing content for dialogue, and sharing ideas. The study methodology is based on the analysis of reading patterns and access to content through electronic devices, which allows the adoption of a responsive design for the publication of chronicles, photographic images, comics and comic strips in a fully electronic, online and open access format.

History has shown that people who embody responsibility-focused power have been credibly accused of sexual harassment (SH). We seek to understand why. Drawing on Power-Approach Theory (Keltner et al., 2003) and moral licensing theory (Effron & Monin, 2010) we present two complementary studies examining how responsibility-focused power triggers moral licensing, which, in turn, decreases perceptions of SH (Study 1) and increases intentions to engage in SH (Study 2). In Study 1, 376 adults read scenarios of a man who embodies responsibility-focused power, egocentric power, or low power and then made moral crediting ratings (a form of moral licensing). Then they read a case where the man had been accused of SH. SH judgments against the responsibility-focused power holder, compared to others, were less severe, and several effects were mediated by moral crediting. In Study 2, 310 adults were primed to experience responsibility-focused power or low power. Responsibility-focused power increased SH intentions through effects on communal feelings and moral crediting. This research develops a new theoretical perspective on why SH occurs and why we deny perceiving it. We provide practical recommendations for abating the effects of power and moral licensing.

Developing nations were greatly hit due to the spread of coronavirus as majority of their population belong to the lower-income groups. It was primarily due to the lack of proper medical and healthcare facilities available for the public. To restrict the rapid spread of the disease, most of the nations had declared an emergency lockdown of their respective countries. Due to the economic constraints leading to the lack of food and uncontrollable spread of disease faced by several economically backward people, governments decided to reopen the markets in a planned manner. Many nations faced two faced wars- the pandemic on one hand and global hunger on the other. India too announced the unlocking of the nation on 1st June 2020. Soon after the unlocking was done to some extent, the number of active cases of coronavirus began rising. India had 0.007% of its people under the influence of the virus when the unlocking was done but soon within a month, the active cases rose to 0.016% of the total population of India which marked the rise of 57.35% cases. Similar cases were seen in many developing countries around the world. In this paper, a comparison on the CoVID-19 situation, post- upliftment of the lockdown has been provided with a few of the selected countries.

This case study examines equity issues (gender, race/ethnicity, and faculty appointment type) related to a specific policy that focuses on improving performance and ranking metrics at a public metropolitan research university. The overarching issues include the negative unintended consequences of focusing on short-term objectives at the expense of the university’s long-term mission. This article builds on a ten-year line of research regarding intentional change at large public metropolitan research universities.

Mindfulness in decision makers has important implications for public leadership. A more nuanced understanding of mindfulness emerges from our grounded research into three national-level crises in the emerging interactive information environment, faced by the Indian government, wherein, the media, stakeholders and the interactive information environment combined to bring the visibility factor to fore, influencing significant aspects of individual, group, organisational and societal sensemaking, framing, cognition, and behavioural responses, amidst ongoing interactions. The research led to identification of a micro-level framework, comprising the antecedents and consequents of the occurrence of “heightened mindfulness” in decision makers in the emerging interactive information environment; leading to a better understanding of the process of influence of the ongoing interactions in the emerging information environment on decision making and crisis management. This “heightened mindfulness” in decision makers and its influence on crisis decision making, in turn, are particularly significant because of their wider organisational and societal implications. The research findings and the proposed framework of crisis decision making have important implications for governments and public leadership in their decision making effectiveness during similar crises.

The conceptualization of administrative distance exists for over 20 years. Despite its ubiquity, we found an unsatisfactory theoretical and practical depth when it comes to its operationalization, and studies that narrow onto its development are scarce. We have set, therefore, to improve both the theoretical scope and measurement of administrative distance. We achieved this using an inductive approach, which allowed us to infer from observed results, such observation suggesting the addition of the variables in the Doing Business Report, as they capture a previously omitted and relevant aspect of administrative distance: bureaucratic efficiency. We use a reference model, featuring a panel random-effects regression, as a benchmark for the study of our proposal. We achieve an improved model with a significantly higher explanatory capacity while observing that the new measure is both significant and independent from the existing administrative distance measure, being complementary. This work opens several avenues for future research, having meaningful consequences for the development of better institutional distance models.

Entrepreneurship researches have been curiously silent on luck since luck, itself is elusive and cannot be systematically quantified in any meaningful measurement. An explicit and systematic evaluation of where luck is situated along the spectrum of certainty to absolute uncertainty will be undertaken in this paper. Exploration on the social construction of luck, effect of luck, human interventions relating to luck; the discussion on the operationalization of luck will open potentially rich veins of theoretical inquiry premising on quantum uncertainties, chaos theory, Heisenberg uncertainty principle and Weick’s sensemaking. Heisenberg uncertainty principle or Knightian’s uncertainty or the chaos theory, they are not competing alternatives and irreconcilable as they are not dealing with the same aspect of the indeterministic phenomenon. This paper will explore the indeterminacy of luck along the processual pathway of entrepreneurial venturing. It concludes by offering a compelling proposition on opportunistic and propitious timing with regards to the eventual rewards.

Remote working practices which involve performing professional work activities outside of the central workplace have gained considerable popularity over the years. However, leading remotely located employees is seemingly difficult. Therefore, this systematic literature review provides an in-depth understanding of the association between remote work and leadership competencies by collating data from twenty-one research studies between 2001 and 2019. A combination of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods designs revealed that trust and relationship-building skills, communication skills and technology skills are fundamental for effective remote leadership practice. Problem-solving skills and creating and maintaining awareness were also observed; however, with less significance. This review may be of considerable importance for academics to continue the theoretical advancement of research into remote working and practitioners to implement and manage remote leadership behaviours more effectively. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

In any form of music, the fundamental aspect which gives the most of an essence is the tune of the composition. An integral concept in orchestral music is chords. Chords usually follow the notes of the song, making it harmonious with the overall progression of the performance. Chords are often interchangeable within the scale of the song. The mellifluous effect of chords and the harmony it portrays are self-explanatory and pleasant. There lies a mathematical and physical reason behind the working of these chords and the movement shown by them during the piece. In this study, we look at the fundamental tonal frequencies associated with the notes of the chords and analyze the patterns exhibited and draw meaningful conclusions corroborating the scientific relationship with music and its play, while proposing a new musical phenomenon called ‘tonal inertia’ that seems to potentially explain the musical conventions using physical bases.

Immigration to the United States is certainly not a new phenomenon, and it is therefore natural for immigration, culture and identity to be given due attention by the public and policy makers. However, current discussion of immigration, legal and illegal, and the philosophical underpinnings is ‘lost in translation’, not necessarily on ideological lines, but on political orientation. In this paper we reexamine the philosophical underpinnings of the melting pot versus multiculturalism as antecedents and precedents of current immigration debate and how the core issues are lost in translation. We take a brief look at immigrants and the economy to situate the current immigration debate. We then discuss the two philosophical approaches to immigration and how the understanding of the philosophical foundations can help streamline the current immigration debate.

The human face is a remarkable platform for conveying a variety of information, both biological and social. Studies have indicated that observers can infer human traits from faces. Facial structures serve as a cue for behavioral propensities linked to testosterone, e.g., aggression, physical strength, and threats. Predicting potential threats from face has critical and practical value for adaptation and survival; however, observer’s accuracy on judging behavioral tendencies remains questionable. The present review discusses the reliability of face structures to predict threats. We review how faces provide a cue to predict human tendencies, how facial-to-trait inference occurs, how facial structures can serve as a proxy for potential threats. Additionally, we discuss studies of how Eastern and Western culture may be related to judgments of aggression and physical strength. Based on our review, we propose other potential cues as proxies for threat propensities, socio-cultural contributions to threat perceptions, along with implications and methodologies for future research.

This study explored the implementation of the whole school approach (WSA) on social and emotional guidance (SEG) in rural primary schools in Sarawak, Malaysia. Regular teachers (N = 2,532) in Sarawak responded to an electronic survey. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the socio-emotional guidance model were employed to explore the level of implementing the WSA on SEG among the respondents. Factors affecting the intention to be involved in SEG were also explored. This paper provides insights for policymakers and educational administrators to promote the social and emotional well-being of rural students in a developing country.

In this paper, we analyze the evolution of the expert discourse in the media during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in Canada. From our analysis of 527 media products published by CBC/Radio Canada between January 1 and August 31, 2020, it was possible to document the type of expertise mobilized, the types of experts engaged by the media, the modalities of appropriation of this discourse by non-experts and the use of expert discourse by political actors. We organize our analysis around governmental measures that have generated more controversy and debate in the media (e.g., closing international borders) and that will be used to analyze the processes of representational naturalization (Negura and Plante, submitted). We begin our chapter with an overview of the use of expertise in the Canadian public- health decision-making chain in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic by highlighting the tensions, contradictions, and paradoxes in political communication that this process revealed. We demonstrate the relevance of studying these dynamics reflected in the media from the perspective of social representations. A brief explanation of the research objectives, the data used and some methodological elements will follow. We then discuss the results of our analysis of the different stages of the evolution of the pandemic in Canada according to the expert discourse in the media. Finally, our analysis focuses on the role of expert discourse in determining what aspects of Covid-19 the public and the political authorities in Canada have defined as a social problem.

The study adopted qualitative approach to explore the strategies used by universities based on experience of the key informants when adopting eLearning as a disruptive technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample size was 10 interviewees, five (three faculty and two ICT personnel) from each of the two universities. Analysis of their demographic profile indicates a diverse age group ranging between 30 years and 50 years. It was required that these participants must have unique experiences, perceptions, attitudes and characteristics concerning the eLearning adoption strategies in universities.