Abstract:- Many studies have been done regarding individual habits in the domain of psychology and health, but relatively lesser in management studies. According to scholars, there is a gap between an individual’s attitude and behaviour toward sustainability, meaning that while the individual may have a favourable attitude toward sustainability, their behaviour does not reflect that attitude. The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger,1957) has done an excellent job of explaining the discrepancy. Today’s organisations are changing their business models to meet consumer demands aligned with sustainability. Habit, a recurrent behavioural pattern that has been ingrained over time and is very difficult to change, gives us a chance to investigate this part of management for sustainability in the long run. According to our assumptions, Green Behaviour mediates the relationship between Green Attitude and Green Habits, and Green Reward moderates the relationship between Green Behaviour and Green Habit.

With the rise of computer- based testing, increasingly more attention has been given to response time (RT) in assessment practice and psychometric research. This study aims to reveal the rate of Type I error in the detection of preknowledge cheating behaviors, and the rate of power of Kullback–Leibler divergence (KL) measure, and  person fit statistic under different conditions via modeling patterns of response accuracy (RA) and  RT, using a joint hierarchical model. The test length,  difficulty level of the compromised items, the ratio of compromised items, and changing in RTs of the compromised items  variables were varied. KL measure has a high power and Type I error rate mean values than person fit statistics for RA and RT patterns under all conditions.

Grounded theory methodology was utilised to study and generate empirical data about the Quran was memorized in India without learning the semantic comprehension of Arabic language. Among other research findings, one was the about the mastery learning paradigm used for teaching the memorization. i have named this paradigm, Mastery Learning Plus because it doesnot stress on minimizing errors during the learning process and accomplishing learning within a specified time frame.

As part of the Palliative Sedation project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (grant no. 825700) entitled Palliative Sedation (SC1-BHC-23-2018 A) (https://palliativesedation.eu), the aim of our study was to revise and update the 2009 European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) framework on palliative sedation. For this framework as for other guidelines on palliative sedation the general weakness of its methodological development and the lack of consensus on terminology and concepts has been criticized, and issues such as the complexity of assessing refractory symptoms or the differentiation between somatic, psychological and existential suffering have remained under controversial debate. For the new framework a rigid consensus methodology with a four-step Delphi procedure involving international experts and a European cancer patient organisation has been used. The development of the recommendations addressed all relevant methodological and content aspects of the Appraisal Guideline Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II), and the reporting was based on the standards for Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies (CREDES). To our knowledge, this is the first evidence- and consensus-based guidance on palliative sedation for healthcare professionals involved in the care of adult patients with life-limiting disease in all settings. It is structured into 42 statements and explanatory texts, for which a high or very high level of consensus has been reached among experts from 28 different countries with a broad range of professions, and a European patient organisation. It has been endorsed in January 2023 by the EAPC board of directors. The importance of patient autonomy is emphasised in all phases of the process. It provides guidance on the decision-making process and on the way palliative sedation should be administered, monitoring tools as well as a step-by-step pharmacological approach with a detailed description of recommended medications and a more detailed guide to hydration decision-making based on the recent literature.

The English-Spanish Cognates in the Paivio, Yuille, and Madigan Imagery Norms Rated for Orthographic Transparency Cognates are words which are orthographically, semantically, and syntactically identical (or similar) in two languages. The English and Spanish languages share more than 20,000 cognates, many of which are important academic vocabulary words. Research has shown that cognates facilitate vocabulary acquisition and reading comprehension for language learners (when compared to non-cognate words). In Experiment 1, orthographic transparency ratings for 440 Spanish -English cognate nouns drawn from the Paivio, Yuille, and Madigan (1968) imagery norms were collected from 41 students in a literacy education class at a western university. The participants were presented with lists of English–Spanish cognate word pairs presented side-by-side and were asked to rate the orthographic similarity of the pairs on a Likert scale of 1 to 7. The analysis of the ratings suggests that the earlier an English word deviates from its Spanish equivalent (its “point of differentiation”), the lower the cognate transparency rating it is assigned (extending the generalizability of the “initial letter effect” previously reported). In Experiment 2, we validated these ratings by having new participants quickly judge whether a pair of words were or were not cognates. We found that reaction times were strongly correlated with transparency ratings and the points of differentiation, lending support to the usefulness of the transparency ratings obtained in Experiment 1.

The study’s population covers all listed corporations on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), both financial and non-financial. As of December 2021, there are 168 financial and non-financial entities on the NSE (NSE Daily official listing, March 1, 2022). However, this study considers the quoted companies rated and ranked by the CSRHUB consensus economic, social, and governance (ESG) rating amongst all sectors in Nigeria because of their enormous contribution to the field of CSR globally. The time frame for the research is six (6) years, from 2016 to 2021. An assessment of companies’ roles in promoting environmentally friendly practices has been conducted, as we deem it necessary to study the effect of sustainability initiatives between the financial and non-financial sectors. This study adopted a purposive sampling technique in drawing its samples. The purposive sampling procedure necessitates focusing on entities with precise structures that could offer information on a study issue (Etikan et al., 2016). Thus, twenty-six (26) corporations in Nigeria have taken a stance on corporate social responsibility, which forms the sample of this study. The unweighted disclosure index is used to measure SI, which is the dependent variable for this study. as in Bashiru et al. (2022); Waheed et al. (2021); Jamil et al. (2021); and Saleh et al. (2010), utilized to measure the degree of the SI dichotomous variable. If a company disclosed SI items in its annual report, it would be counted as “1,” while companies that did not reveal an item would be recorded as “0” (Gujarati, 2009). Total score values for SI disclosure are aggregated from all sub-scores of SI, including 14 economic dimensions, 12 social dimensions, 15 environmental dimensions, and 15 governance dimensions. The disclosure model scoring is additive, and unweighted indexes are calculated. The disclosure indexes comprising 56 sustainability performance indicators were utilized. The total amount of scores is computed by dividing the firm’s scores by the total number of potential points. Six independent variables are used, composed of governance attributes and firm-specific operating features. The operating features consist of company size (CSZE), company age (AGE), and leverage (LEV), while the governing features comprise board size (BSZE), board independence (BOIND), and board gender diversity (BGD). Issa et al. (2022), Abu Qa’dan and Suwaidan (2019), and Hussain et al. (2018) all agree that BSZE can be quantified by counting the number of board members. The Board of Directors’ Independence (BOIND) is defined as the number of independent, non-executive directors as a percentage of all board members (Al Amosh & Khatib, 2021; Jizi & Nehme, 2018; Rashid, 2018). BGD, or board gender diversity, is the percentage of women on a board of directors relative to the total number of board members (Chams & Garca-Blandón, 2019; Orazalin & Baydauletov, 2020). When calculating CSZE, natural logarithms of the firm’s total assets are used (Hussain et al., 2018; Crisóstomo et al., 2020). The number of years that a company has been in operation is used to calculate AGE (Issa et al., 2022). Total debt is divided by total assets to get the LEV (Crisóstomo et al., 2020; Li et al., 2018).

Inclusive schools advance equity and social justice for diverse students and families. Creating inclusive cultures is the key element of inclusive schools, which can occur through establishing authentic school-family-community partnerships. In this paper, we explored how educators worked with each other and community partners to foster an inclusive culture in an urban elementary school. They collaborated as a community of practice to improve school for their students and families, which ultimately contributed to promoting an inclusive culture in the school community. This analysis provides insight into how urban schools leverage social capital to better support their diverse students and families.

This paper analyzes the impact of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s strategy of appointing military officials to high-level positions in the federal executive branch on public opinion about the Armed Forces. Despite a rigorous recruitment process in the public bureaucracy, Bolsonaro navigated his government with support from ideologically extreme bureaucrats. The study investigates the systematic approach of increasing military personnel’s presence in the government and examines the hypothesis of declining trust in the Armed Forces and its positive association with mistrust in Brazilian democracy. The research draws on data from three waves of the Brazilian survey “A Cara da Democracia” to demonstrate that trust in the Armed Forces declined during Bolsonaro’s tenure. The data also indicates that dissatisfaction with Brazilian democracy is indicative of lower trust in the Armed Forces, and this relationship is growing stronger over time.

The manuscript is 24 pages long and includes 1 table and 6 figures. The methodology here was telephonic interview and then the Thematic analysis of derived information. The paper derives from the idea to explore the factors determining compatibility among roommates/flatmates and examine the degree to which roommate/flatmate compatibility is an essential factor in co-livingco-living.

How does an immigration shock affect natives’ voting behavior? While many studies explore (a) natives’ attitudes toward immigrants and (b) the electoral appeals of anti-immigrant parties, much less is known about how immigration directly affects the electoral performance of incumbents. I argue that immigration will harm the incumbent. Natives in the regions exposed to immigration will feel anxious about the influx and, consequently, will change their voting behavior, leading them to punish the incumbent. This study examines the impact of immigration from Venezuela in 2018 on Brazil’s Workers’ Party (PT) electoral outcomes. I rely on an instrumental variable regression to causally identify the effect of the immigration shock and to show that it damaged the electoral performance of PT in most elections that were held just after the shock occurred. My results suggest that akin to other globalization shocks, heightened levels of immigration can elicit a political backlash

With the rise of computer- based testing, increasingly more attention has been given to response time (RT) in assessment practice and psychometric research. This study aims to reveal the rate of Type I error in the detection of preknowledge cheating behaviors, and the rate of power of Kullback–Leibler divergence (KL) measure, and person fit statistic under different conditions via modeling patterns of response accuracy (RA) and  RT, using a joint hierarchical model. The test length,  difficulty level of the compromised items, the ratio of compromised items, and changing in RTs of the compromised items  variables were varied. KL measure has a high power and Type I error rate mean values than person fit statistics  for RA and RT patterns under all conditions.

Recent literature on the political economy of populism hypothesizes that right-wing populist parties are “chameleons” that have no fixed socioeconomic positions and frequently change their colors as an electoral strategy. This paper deepens this inquiry by exploring not policy positions, but - a much more difficult test - how European right-wing populist parties in government affect macroeconomic outcomes such as openness and spending. Compiling a novel dataset, we find no consistent impact of incumbent right-wing populist parties in Europe on macroeconomic outcomes over the period 1991-2018, in line with expectations. However, in countries with pro-market left parties, right-wing populist parties systematically influence government spending and anti-globalization outcomes. The further left parties shift to the right, the more right-wing populist parties in Europe appeal to their working-class, anti-globalization electorate during this period. Right-wing populist parties may be opportunistic, but not indeterminate in their policy positions.

Using a panel data survey in which the second wave was made just before and after the eruption of the anti-austerity protests in Spain, and identifying those who participated in the events thanks to a question in subsequent waves, I leverage quasi-experimental evidence supporting that political protests can substantially alter the perception of political parties on the left-right dimension. I show that leftist citizens who participated in the anti-austerity protests perceived that the center-left incumbent party moved to the center and that this perception remained stable over time. This situation led to an empty political space that could have been exploited by new protest parties willing to capitalize on this crisis of representation. Beyond showing that political protests can quickly alter citizens' perceptions of parties on the left-right dimension, this article suggests that protests can create an empty political space without the emergence of a second dimension of party competition.

There has been a dramatic rise in voting for populist parties in Europe over the past thirty years. We assess the role of government labor market policy in dampening or provoking populist sentiment. Drawing from a panel of 189 elections from 1990 to 2017 and pooled cross-sectional data from eight waves of the European Social Survey, we find evidence that populist parties fared worse where countries spent more on social support, especially for labor market programs that provide income to workers experiencing unemployment (“passive labor market” policies). We also find that cuts to these programs are strongly associated with increased support for populist parties. The effect was stronger among those individuals who had experienced unemployment and among those facing adverse economic circumstances. This suggests that the welfare and labor-market reforms of the 1990s and early 2000s may have alienated vulnerable segments of the population and driven them toward populist parties.

Why do post-colonial states engage in population resettlement in their frontier territories? In this paper, we shift away from the motivations for resettlement by advancing a cost-centric theory for resettlement. We contend that states may use the resettlement policy because they inherit the infrastructural capital to do so from settlers of former colonial powers seeking to consolidate their frontiers. We test the observable implications of the theory using a unique geo-coded archival dataset and in Manchuria, a northeastern border region of China. We find that areas that received more Japanese settlers during the colonial period (1931-45) are associated with greater proximity to Chinese settlers in the post-colonial era (1945-). We also show that, contrary to existing findings on settlement and growth, Japanese settlements led to slower economic development. By focusing on cost our paper expands our understanding of resettlement policies and uncovers an alternative relationship between settlement and economic development.

An introductory item exposes some general problems and limitations in trying to learn the relationships between social capital studies and the social sciences. Next, the question of the multidimensionality of social structures and the proper position of this type of study concerning this type of problem is addressed. The following item discusses the relationship between social capital studies and the revaluation and redefinition of social integration from its specific perspective. Finally, the final item addresses some problems arising from the limitations of the theoretical foundations of these studies, particularly with regard to the agent’s emergency conditions.

This quality improvement project employed a client-centered process to develop a modified Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) 10 (Larsen, Attkisson, Hargreaves, & Nguyen, 1979) for relevance to our hospital-based violence intervention progrma (HVIP). Former clients (ages 11 12-18) and caregivers who participated in HVIP services self-administered the initial HVIP-adapted CSQ and shared their interpretation of questionnaire items, comfort in responding, missing topics, and preferences for implementation during cognitive interviews. This work met the criteria as a quality improvement activity by our local IRB and did not require IRB approval or determination. We have adhered to the SQUIRE guidelines in preparing this manuscript.

As Canada’s federal police force celebrates its 150th anniversary, the past and future of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police/Gendarmerie royale du Canada (RCMP/GRC) is coming under intense scrutiny. Dogged by historical legacies and endemic external and internal controversies, the gendarmerie is a national police force with military characteristics that serves the Canadian state loyally and professionally. The anachronistic connection with horses in the English name has long outlived its usefulness and it is time that Canada’s federal police force embraced more French, greater inclusivity in the ranks, better accountability, and a functional approach to provision of national security policing at higher levels. A new refresh requires rebranding into a true gendarmerie adequately manned, trained, and equipped for the task, already anticipated in the French name. Refocusing on federal roles at the national level without the distraction of contract policing would give the RCMP/GRC greater purpose and coherence. The aligned symmetry of a Royal Canadian Gendarmerie/Gendarmerie royale du Canada (RCG/GRC) provides a basis for necessary change to happen and reconciliation to begin.