This paper presents a novel fast security analysis method to perform simultaneous feasibility test (SFT) for security constrained unit commitment (SCUC). The method uses the Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula to calculate DC power flow with the incremental topology changes across time intervals and with the contingencies for each interval. The extremely fast SFT allows the SCUC Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) solver to check network security constraints in a callback, leading to a significant performance improvement over the traditional MIP-SFT iteration method.

The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks have become inevitable in the next generations of communications networks due to emerging needs of ubiquitous connectivity of remote locations. New and existing services and critical infrastructures in remote locations in sea, land and space will be seamlessly connected through a diverse set of terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication technologies. However, the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial systems will open both systems to unique security challenges that can arise due to the migration of security challenges from one to another. Similarly, security challenges can also arise due to the incompatibility of distinct systems or incoherence of security policies. The resulting security implications, thus, can be highly consequential due to the criticality of the infrastructures such as space stations, autonomous ships, and aeroplanes, for instance. Therefore, in this article we study existing security challenges in satellite-terrestrial communication systems and discuss potential solutions for those challenges. Furthermore, we provide important research directions to stir future research on existing security gaps in this direction.

This paper presents the design aspects and thermal characteristics of single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) for Electromagnetic launchers. It is designed to accelerate a 50 kg mass through a distance of 3 meters within a minuscule time to an exit velocity of 50 m/s. A study of the motor’s parametric variation based on the launching requirement has been performed. Its performance characteristics are obtained using 3D FEM and verified analytically using Parseval’s method. The FEM, analytical and experimental verification of the thrust characteristics of different secondary conductive sheet materials namely, aluminum, beryllium copper and German silver shows that, the latter exhibits superior characteristics than the former two, because its thrust-velocity curve is close to inverse linear relationship (stable region of operation of LIM) , which significantly reduces the accelerating time during the launch. The designed SLIM is assessed for its thermal performance with materials having temperature-dependent electrical properties by carrying out a coupled-field FEM simulation. The conclusions demonstrate that the electromagnetic and thermal assessments are in tandem with each other as required for launching.

This paper proposes a novel nature-inspired α-fair hybrid precoding (NI-αHP) technique for millimeter-wave multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. Unlike the existing HP literature, we propose to apply -fairness for maintaining various fairness expectations (e.g., sum-rate maximization, proportional fairness, max-min fairness, etc.). After developing the analog RF beamformer via slow time-varying angular information, the digital baseband (BB) precoder is designed via the reduced-dimensional effective channel matrix seen from the BB-stage. For the α-fairness, we derive the optimal digital BB precoder expression with a set of parameters, where optimizing them is an NP-hard problem. Hence, we efficiently optimize the parameters in the digital BB precoder via five nature-inspired intelligent algorithms. Numerical results present that when the sum-rate maximization is the target, the proposed NI-αHP technique greatly improves the sum-rate capacity and energy-efficiency performance compared to other benchmarks. Moreover, NI-αHP supports different fairness expectations and reduces the rate gap among UEs by varying the fairness level (α).

Omicron is a covid family virus of COVID-19 and Delta variant. The Omicron (B.1.1.529.) variant of COVID-19 is an extraordinary flow of infections globally and deadly, affecting the masses. The B.1.1.529 variant was first identified to WHO on November 24, 2021, from South Africa. In South Africa, the epidemiological condition has been determined by three different peaks in reported cases, the most recent of which was dominated by the Delta variant. Infections have risen sharply, corresponding with the discovery of the B.1.1.529 variant. The variant contains many mutations, some of which are potentially harmful. Preliminary research suggests that this variant has a higher risk of reinfection than other variants of concern. Nowadays, many scientists worldwide focus on problems that either improve existing methods used in DNA computing or suggest a new manner with a DNA computing approach. Many researchers are working on analyzing several aspects of Omicron from diverse fields. We have developed a frequency representation of Omicron to visualize its properties in the spectral domain.

Abstract—Autonomous vehicles use variety of automotive  communication protocols in order for different Electronic Control  Units (ECUs) to intra-communicate such as Controller Area  Network (CAN), FlexRay or Ethernet to address the requirements  of ultra-low latency and higher bandwidth due to the increased  number of sensors. This leads to an increased number of wires,  complexity and weight of the harness needed to connect each ECU  to the network. In the case of an autonomous tractor trailer with  autonomy sensors, tractor-trailer communication harness with  new wires to be able to communicate with additional  communication protocols at the tractor side and the trailer  harness will be required to be plugged or unplugged every time a  trailer gets coupled or uncoupled with a tractor. In this paper, we  propose a new network architecture and intra-communication  link for an autonomous tractor trailer ECU with additional  autonomy sensors to reduce the number of wires needed to  communicate different data types to the autonomous tractor  network buses to two wires or eliminate the wires in case of a  conventional tractor-trailer using a wireless medium, in addition  to a method to manage multi-protocol data transfer between the  trailer and the tractor. We conducted an experiment to evaluate  the performance of Named Data Networking (NDN) when used in  communication between ECUs that had positive outcome and  indicated the high potential compatibility of NDN with vehicular  communication.  1

Imaging algorithms can make the detection of buried objects easier. These algorithms use reflected power from different scatterers with different time delays. Reflected signals from almost perpendicular angles have a significant weight in the imaging algorithms. One additional main feature of these signals is that they have fewer time delays. In this paper, we investigate two parameters that can enhance the back projection (BP) imaging algorithm. The first parameter is the antenna pattern. It controls the ability of radar to sense different angles. The second one is the delays for a point of image based on different locations of radar. It is noticeable that nearfield imaging algorithms suffer from artifacts more than noise. The ground surface clutter can make artifacts more than other clutters. So, clutter cancellation is an important task. The time gating method accomplishes this task better in ultra-wideband (UWB) radars. An experimental setup is used to demonstrate the presented algorithm improvements.

Fluorescence microscopy (FM) is an imaging technique with many important applications in biomedical sciences. After FM images are acquired, segmentation is often the first step in their quantitative analysis. Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the state-of-the-art tools for segmentation, it is known that their performance may collapse on natural images under certain corruptions or adversarial attacks. This poses serious risks to their deployment in real-world applications. Although various assays have been developed to benchmark the robustness of different DNN models in semantic segmentation of natural images, such assays remain lacking for FM images. So far, robustness of DNN models in sematic segmentation of FM images remains to be characterized. In this study, we have developed an assay to address this deficiency. At the core of the assay is a method we have developed to synthesize realistic FM images with precisely controlled forms and levels of degradations. Using this assay, we examine the robustness of DNN models against corruptions and adversarial attacks of FM images. We find that models with good robustness on natural images may perform poorly on FM images. We also find new robustness properties of DNN models and new connections between their corruption robustness and adversarial robustness. Based on comprehensive comparison of eight representative models, we make specific recommendations on which models to choose and how to design robust models for segmentation of FM images.

This paper focuses on the development of error estimators for evaluating the accuracy of finite element computations of the electromagnetic phenomena for induction heating processes modelling. The ultimate goal of this work is to enable adaptive anisotropic remeshing in order to reach a prescribed accuracy. We first introduce a numerical model based on the quasi-steady state approximation of the Maxwell’s equations in a time-domain formalism. We then introduce an estimator based on a recovery method; its results will be compared with other estimators based on investigating how accurately some of the electromagnetic equations are checked. The estimators are then validated on analytical cases; an additional application to a complex case shows the robustness of our approach.

Conventionally, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has been adopted over the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) due to its faster execution. However, the emergence of modern high performance computing devices has favored the DFT algorithm due to its inherent parallelism. This letter explores a straightforward one-dimensional DFT whose performance is evaluated against the NVIDIA and AMD’s highly optimized FFT libraries, cuFFT and clFFT, respectively. Performance is analyzed in terms of average kernel execution time for data ranging from 21 to 225 samples across the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 Ti and AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT graphical processors. The DFT algorithm achieves comparable results to the FFT routines for smaller input sizes whereas it significantly outperforms the FFT libraries for larger input lengths. The DFT shows an average performance increase of 177.7% over the cuFFT on the NVIDIA GeForce device using the CUDA toolkit. For the AMD Radeon graphical processor, the DFT outperforms the clFFT by an average of 184.2% using the OpenCL specification.

Development of commercial all-metal 3D printing chnology provides a new fabrication method for wideband millimeter-wave corrugated horns up to 50 GHz. All-metal 3D printing has advantages of low cost, fast delivery, possibility of mass production, flexibility in fabrication of complicated geometries and good mechanical robustness compared with traditional fabrication techniques, such as direct machining or electroforming, or recently developed methods such as those relying on the assembly of platelets. In this letter, we report the development of a wideband millimeter-wave corrugated horn at 30-50 GHz (50% fractional bandwidth) based on commercial allmetal 3D printing technology. Measurement results of return loss and beam patterns show good performance and are also reported in this letter.

In biometric systems, a user’s template may be represented as a vector of dissimilarities from a cohort. This vector can be considered as a pseudonymous identifier in a template protection scheme. We show that for retinal graph templates, which are sparse and so lack regularity, the cohort-based representation achieves three key necessities for the template protection scheme proposed here. First, it has comparable accuracy to an unprotected scheme. Second, it is resistant to an effective inverse method that reconstructs biometric samples from comparison scores. Third, based on the “general framework for evaluating unlinkability” it has local and global linkability scores that are at least as low as well-known state-of-the-art template protection schemes. Our work demonstrates that when a retina is represented using a sparse template, it can be protected using the cohort-based representation.

Starting with 5G-NR standard and moving towards 6G, the mmW communication technology (in 6−300 GHz frequency range) fulfills the demand for high throughput in various parts of a radio access network. The weak propagation characteristics of mmW signals compel a more meticulous radio network planning, even in the initial phases. Previously used in backhaul networks, the quality of mmW radio links significantly relies on the Line- of-Sight (LOS) signal paths between the communicating radios. LiDAR point cloud is a popular source of high-resolution aerial survey data suitable for accurate LOS assessments. In this work we consider a comprehensive LOS assessment problem incorporating the radio mounting height, a key practical consideration in planning cellular networks. Then we proposed a method empowered by a novel topologically-sorted polar digital elevation model (DEM) and a new query-based algorithm to execute large-scale LOS assessments more efficiently and accurately than the existing methods. The post deployment measurement reports indicate that using the proposed DEM leads to 50% reduction in the prediction errors compared to the other common methods. The proposed method is designed to process LOS assessment queries in constant-time, O(1), and achieves O(log N) speed-up over a widely known visibility algorithm when performing LOS assessments for the entire planning area (viewshed). The numerical results from our software implementation also confirm significant reduction in the viewshed computation time.

Achieving genuine (human-level) artificial general intelligence (AGI) is one of the major goals of computer science, engineering, psychology, and mathematics. In this article, we critically reexamine the relation between natural intelligence and artificial intelligence at a fairly general theoretical level. After identifying four major structural themes in natural intelligence, we move to the issue of AGI implementation through physical computing machines. Motivated by Penrose’s G¨ddelian argument refuting the thesis of AGI realizability via Turing machines, we formulate several theses on the noncomputable essence of AGI systems and suggest that infinitary noncomputability might constitute a viable path toward future AGI implementations, especially if coupled with nonlocality and a non-classical probabilistic structure such as the quantum case. A theoretical mathematical framework for non-Markovian stochastic dynamic systems is then presented and illustrated by describing multiagent AGI assemblages comprised of interconnected dynamic agents. We envision that such networked dynamical assemblages might be powered by noncomputable physics or arranged in an infinitary structure.

In this paper, we propose a new wide-scan active direct integrated phased array antenna (AIPAA) for mm-Wave applications. The AIPAA’s unit-cell comprises three K-band miniaturized taper slot elements, a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) as a power amplifier (PA), a stabilizer, an input matching network, and biasing components. The tapered slot antenna element is reshaped so that its input impedance closely matches the optimal load impedance of the HEMT (Zopt=6+j38 Ω@22 GHz), which enhances the system efficiency. The peak AIPAA’s Power-Added Efficiency (PAE) is ≥ 56% with ≤ 9% variation over scan coverage (±50⁰) at 1.5dB power backoff from P1dB. The relative frequency bandwidth with PAE above 25% is between 9%-13% over the scan range. The proposed AIPAA demonstrates less than 0.9dB and 1dB scanloss over the scan coverage in terms of antenna array gain and PAs’ power gain (Gp), respectively. The peak PA-integrated array gain and EIRP @P1dB of 24dBi and 51dBm are achieved, respectively. The proposed AIPAA is 18 × 58 × 17 mm3 with a cell size of 9.2 × 6.5 × 1.8 mm3 (0:67 × 0:5 × 0:13 λ3). The measurements are in good agreement with electromagnetic and circuit co-simulation results.

This paper reports the complementary resistive switching (CRS) characteristics exhibited by Au/ZnO/Al2O3/Fluorine doped tin oxide ( FTO) bilayer device for the first time, where both ZnO and Al2O3 are active switching layers exhibiting resistive switching properties. The I-V characteristics of the device initially show bipolar resistive switching (BRS) for a few cycles (~12) before permanently switching to CRS with the extension of SET voltage. The stable CRS state of the device exhibits a high current of ~500 μA during the ON - state and low current of 3x10-7 A during OFF - state at low input voltage s (-0.5 V to 0.5V) enables the proposed device suitable to use in crossbar array to mitigate the sneak path current. The device performance to write and read processes is evaluated with pulses of magnitudes ~|2.5| V and 1.3 V, respectively, and showed a ~ 60μA difference in read-out current between data bits 0 and 1. Similarly, the device’s power consumption is also measured to elucidate that the device is suitable to use as a memory unit with power consumption in the order of microwatts (μW). Further, the possible switching mechanism is demonstrated based on oxygen vacancies migration.

Challenge-response is a security mechanism well known for authentication using encryption. In this paper, we propose new challenge-response approaches in the context of physical layer security (PLS). In particular, the verifier, instead of sending a challenge, changes the physical properties of the electromagnetic environment and expects to receive a properly modified signal from the device under verification. We thus introduce the concept of partially controllable channels, that enable such signal propagation medium changes. We also show that current and future communication systems already entail several examples of such partially controllable channels, e.g., when using intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs) or relays, or for communications among drones. Several security issues associated with the new challenge-response mechanisms are discussed and future topics to be investigated are outlined.

Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been described by the optic wave theory, the electromagnetic wave (EM wave) theory and pilot wave theory. Recently, the coexistence of the particle nature and the wave distribution of light in double slit experiments has been demonstrated. In this article we utilize the photon chamber to detect the traces of the light beam in the double slit experiments. The existence of the light tracks indicates the particle nature of the light beam in the wave experiments. The particle nature of the light beam is visualized by the tracks, while the wave-like distribution is visualized by the interference pattern. Furthermore, we cover the two sides of the chamber by copper foil for shielding the EM wave. If the light beams were the EM waves, then the interference pattern would be disturbed. The experiments show that the light behave as particles moving through the photon chamber, while distribute as waves without being disturbed. Thus, the double slit/photon chamber experiments visually indicate that the wave interpretations of the optical wave theory and the EM wave theory of the double slit experiments are incomplete. However, the experiments support the pilot wave theory at far field. The experiments in this article confirm the conclusions of the previous modified double slit experiments. But, the experimental devices, experimental setups and experimental observations are totally different. The experiments in this article make the mystery of the double slit experiments even more mysterious. The photon chamber is inexpensive and may be used to study the nature of the light.