authorea Authorea 10.36227/techrxiv.173155857.70433598/v1 0000-0002-8767-0474 Abdulkarim Hanan

Software Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Salahaddin -Erbil

Rashid Tarik A

Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Kurdistan Hewler

14 11 2024 This preprint is available at https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.173155857.70433598/v1 bioengineering meta-heuristic multimodal nature-based algorithms optimization shoa metaheuristic time complexity