Abstract

Superposed Epoch Analysis: • Analyzes data around 286 geomagnetic disturbance events (SYM-H ⩽-50 nT). • Aligns data around a 'zero epoch' (minimum SYM-H). • Averages data across events to find common patterns. • Parameters: SYM-H measures the intensity of the geomagnetic storm by monitoring the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field near the equator. • Ey, dawn-to-dusk Interplanetary Electric Field • Bz, North-South component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) • SME Index (SuperMAG Electrojet Index), measures the strength of the auroral electrojets. Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) disrupt trans-ionospheric communication, especially Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, adversely affecting navigation accuracy. Understanding how geomagnetic activity influences EPBs is crucial. This study uses superposed epoch analysis on geomagnetic indices, zonal and meridional winds, and the σ index (an EPB indicator) with data from the ICON satellite (2020-2022, 18:00-23:00 SLT). Results show that in South America, EPBs decrease as geomagnetic activity declines, while in Africa, they increase with geomagnetic disturbances. Additionally, a westward shift in zonal winds aligns with peak geomagnetic activity, underscoring regional differences in EPB behavior.