El-Niño-related stratification anomalies over the continental slope off
Oregon in summer 2014 and 2015
Abstract
Over the continental slope off Oregon at the US West Coast, at 44.6N,
vertical stratification is found to be anomalously weak in July-August
of 2014 and 2015 both in a regional ocean circulation model and
Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profile observations. To understand
the responsible mechanism, we focus on the layer between the isopycnal
surfaces $\sigma_\theta=26.5$ and 26.25
kg/m3 that is found between depths 100-300 m and represents material
properties characteristic of the slope poleward undercurrent and
shelf-slope exchange. This layer thickness, about 50 m on average, can
be twice as large during the above-mentioned periods. In the 2009-2018
model analysis, this anomaly is revealed over the continental slope only
in summers 2014 and 2015 and only off the Oregon and Washington coasts
(40-47N). The stratification anomaly is explained as the effect of
advection of the seasonal alongslope potential vorticity (PV) gradient
by an anomalously strong poleward slope current. In the annual cycle,
the zone of strong alongslope PV gradient is found between 40-47N,
supported by the local upwelling that results in the injection of the
large PV in the bottom boundary layer over the shelf followed by its
offshore transport in the slope region. The positive alongslope current
anomaly propagates to Oregon with coastally trapped waves as part of the
El Niño oceanic response and can be up to 0.1 m/s. Advection by this
anomalous poleward current results in transporting the seasonal PV
gradient earlier in the season than on average.