Trajectories of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use in pregnancy
and neonatal outcomes: a longitudinal register study
Abstract
Objective: We examined the possible impact of selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-trajectories describing the timing
of different SSRI dosages on adverse neonatal outcomes. Design:
Longitudinal register study Setting: Population based study
from Kuopio University Hospital Birth Register. Population or
Sample: Altogether 508 mothers who reported using SSRIs in pregnancy,
where matched to a five-fold comparison group (n=2540), based on
maternal depression, psychiatric diagnoses and age. Methods: We
applied unsupervised k-Means longitudinal clustering method to identify
four distinct patterns of SSRI use, and propensity score adjusted
generalized estimating equations to examine the associations between the
exposure groups and the neonatal outcomes, using the unexposed group as
reference. Main Outcome Measures: Birth weight, placenta
weight, placenta-to-birth-weight ratio (PBWR), umbilical cord length,
gestational length, premature birth, low 5-min Apgar score, neonatal
intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Results: Compared to the
no SSRI group, we found no associations between the use of SSRI up to
standard doses and the neonatal outcomes. However, the sustained high
dose group (~twice the standard dose) displayed
significantly higher mean PBWR (B=1.65, 95% CI=0.83, 2.47). In
addition, the odds of low Apgar score for the high dose group were about
3.2-fold (OR=3.2; 95%CI=1.04, 9.79), and the odds of NICU admission
2.6-fold (OR=2.6; 95%CI=1.10,6.03), compared with no SSRI group.
Conclusions: Sustained, increasing, or decreasing use of SSRI
up to standard doses were not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.
However, caution is advised as sustained higher doses may be linked to
reduced placental efficacy and higher risk of adverse neonatal health.