Validation of the Fitbit Charge 5 for the Detection of Heart Rate and
Galvanic Skin Response
Abstract
Wearable devices are increasingly used to evaluate psychophysiological
markers of anxiety for continuous health monitoring. Consumer-grade
wearable devices, such as Fitbits, have potential for widespread use and
dissemination given their affordability and accessibility for both
research and clinical settings. However, validation of consumer-grade
devices against research-grade devices is required. This study aimed to
evaluate and compare the accuracy of the Fitbit Charge 5 against a
research-grade wearable device, the Equivital EQ02, in measuring
psychophysiological parameters of anxiety, specifically heart rate (HR)
and galvanic skin response (GSR). Fifty-five undergraduate students (
Mage = 19.4, SDage = 1.6,
46% female) wore both Fitbit and Equivital devices whilst completing
social stressor and reading tasks. Statistical analyses revealed
statistically significant moderate bivariate correlations ( rs =
.5–.6) and intraclass correlations (ICCs = .53–.72) for HR estimates
and moderate intraclass correlations (ICCs = .46–.64) for GSR estimates
across conditions ( ps < .05). Furthermore,
Bland–Altman analyses revealed that the Fitbit showed a pattern of
underestimation of HR (ranging from 24 –32bpm) and overestimation of
GSR (ranging from –12.92 to 10.29µS) compared to the Equivital. These
findings highlight potential reliability concerns with the Fitbit Charge
5 in measuring physiological data. While the device may have some
utility in assessing HR and GSR, it is crucial to approach the
interpretation of data from consumer-grade wearable devices with caution
due to potential accuracy limitations.