Abstract
Seed dispersal by animals in cycads is assumed to be rare and
unimportant. We conducted a literature review of seed dispersal by
animals in species of the family Zamiaceae. We found 71 reports of
animal dispersal in Zamiaceae, mostly by birds and mammals species of
small to medium size; but only six studies of seed dispersal in natural
populations of Zamia species. We also conducted a study of primary and
secondary seed dispersal by animals in Zamia manicata in Colombia. We
used camera traps for recording animal interactions with female cones
with mature seeds; and a seed marking experiment to explore the movement
of seeds away from the immediate vicinity of the parental plant after
cone disintegration. For Z. manicata, we observed a potential primary
seed disperser, Baryphthengus martii, a medium-sized bird of the
Momotidae family. We also registered a 6% of seeds initially dispersed
by gravity moved away from the parental plant more than 10 meters of
distance. These results and other recent evidence suggest that animal
dispersal events might play an important role for the population ecology
of species in the Zamiaceae family.