High Burden of Dengue and Chikungunya virus in Paraguay: Seroprevalence
Findings from Blood Donors
Abstract
Introduction: The rise of reemerging pathogens such as DENV and CHIKV
presents a major public health threat. With half the global population
at risk, Paraguay experiences particularly high infection rates. Despite
this, data on the seroprevalence of these viruses in this country is
lacking. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgG
and anti-CHIKV IgG among blood donors in Paraguay. Material and Methods:
Serum samples from 546 blood donors across seven regional departments
and Asunción were collected from March to May 2023. Participants filled
out a questionnaire and underwent eligibility screening. Serum samples
were tested for anti-DENV IgG and anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies using
immunoassays. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results:
The median (IQR) age of donors was 34 (26-44), and 47.1% were female.
Anti-DENV IgG prevalence was 87.7%, ranging from 73.7% to 100% by
location, with an age-related association. Donors aged 18 to 25 had a
79.2% seroprevalence, while those over 46 had the highest at 91.5%
(p=0.010). Anti-CHIKV IgG prevalence was 37.2%, with men showing a
seroprevalence nearly 10% higher than women, but no significant
age-related differences were observed. Regional variation in CHIKV
seroprevalence was not significant. Conclusions: This study reveals a
high seroprevalence of both DENV and CHIKV in Paraguayan blood donors.
The high DENV seroprevalence reflects the impact of past outbreaks,
while the notable CHIKV prevalence underscores the effects of recent
outbreaks. Continuous surveillance, improved diagnostics, and effective
vector control measures are essential to mitigate these arboviruses’
impact in Paraguay.