A consensus-based adaptive hierarchical control strategy for energy
storage units in electrolytic hydrogen production systems
Abstract
With the expansion of islanded hydrogen production systems, the
randomness and volatility of renewable energy pose higher requirements
for the power supply reliability of energy storage systems (ESS). This
paper presents an adaptive hierarchical control (AHC) strategy for
parallel energy storage units (ESUs) in electrolytic hydrogen production
systems to improve the reliability of power supply. In this strategy,
each ESU is considered an agent and a dynamic average consensus
algorithm is used to obtain the average value of the observed
quantities. In the primary control layer, a sigmoid function is proposed
to improve the droop coefficient, enabling the state of charge (SoC) of
each ESU to converge to the average value. On this basis, a novel
acceleration factor based on a normal distribution function is designed
to accelerate the speed of SoC balancing in the later stage. In the
secondary control layer, a unit virtual voltage drop balancing term and
an average voltage compensation term are used to distribute the output
current of ESUs proportionally according to their capacity and restore
the average bus voltage deviation. The stability analysis confirms that
the proposed method is strongly stable. Finally, a photovoltaic hydrogen
production simulation model and a StarSim HIL experimental platform are
established. The results show that the proposed control strategy can
achieve rapid SoC balancing and accurate load current distribution with
excellent average bus voltage compensation under various complex
operating conditions.