Brazilin is a major isoflavonoid obtained from Caesalpinia sappan ( Bianceae sappan) and Haematoxylum brasiletto. The isoflavonoid was identified from the bark and heartwood of these plants. Several studies have evaluated the potential of brazilin as an alternative for thalassemia; including as an antioxidant and iron chelator. This review summarizes studies that describe the potential of brazilin, specifically in Caesalpinia sappan L extract as an antioxidant and iron chelator in the treatment of thalassemia. In addition, this review also describes the potential of brazilin as a Jak2 inhibitor that can reduce ineffective erythropoiesis and splenomegaly as a result of extramedullary haematopoiesis by decreasing erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation and inducing apoptosis, so that it is expected to improve the secondary pathologies of thalassemia. Jak2 blocks Erfe expression so that it can reduce iron overload by increasing hepcidin through the BMP-SMAD pathway.