Contribution of Avian Frugivores to Seed Dispersal in a Tropical
Woodland Savanna.
Abstract
Seed dispersal is fundamental to the resilience of plant communities and
birds are important seed dispersers, contributing to the maintenance and
restoration of plant community structures. In this study, we
investigated the contributions of bird species to seed dispersal in a
woodland savanna in Jos, Nigeria. In the dry season of 2022, we observed
birds consuming fruits on 104 individual plants belonging to 26 species.
Five hundred and six (506) birds belonging to 19 species and 12 families
were observed consuming fruits from the focal plants. Bird trapping was
conducted to collect intact seeds from bird fecal samples to examine the
relationship between bird traits and the quantity of seed dispersal. And
the results showed that gape width and body mass were significantly
correlated with increase in the quantity of dispersed seeds. Three bird
species, the Common bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus), the Speckled
Mouse-bird (Colius striatus) and the African thrush (Turdus pelios)
showed stronger interactions with plants within the network which could
suggest that these species are critical for maintaining the richness and
diversity of the seed rain of this woodland savanna ecosystem. Seed
dispersal by these birds could be significant for the regeneration of
degraded areas. This study highlights the need to conserve the role of
these key species in shaping ecological networks and the importance of
protecting frugivorous bird populations, particularly larger birds to
maintain the integrity of the plant community and the broader ecosystem.