Abstract
Research on medical cannabis is progressing, with several cannabinoids
emerging as promising compounds for clinical use. The available evidence
suggests that cannabinoids may modulate glycine (GlyR) and GABA
A receptors, which are part of the pentameric
ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) superfamily and facilitate chemical
communication in the nervous system. In a previous study, we employed
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the dynamics of the
GlyR/Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) complex and
successfully identified a representative binding mode. Given the
structural similarity between GlyR and GABA AR, we
employed a similar strategy to investigate GABA
AR-cannabinoid interactions. We initially assessed the
binding mode of THC to GABA AR-α1β2γ2 at the equivalent
binding site of the GlyR —i. e., on its two α-subunits— as well as
the impact of this binding on the channel’s dimensions. Our results
indicate, first, that the binding modes of THC to GABA
AR and GlyR exhibit comparable characteristics; and
second, that THC may function as a potentiator of GABA activity due to a
significant opening of the channel pore. Additionally, we aimed to
reduce the overall computational cost associated with exploring binding
modes. To this end, we developed and validated a simplified model
comprising a single-monomer system for cannabinoid binding studies. This
model proved to be accurate and cost-effective, accelerating the
in silico screening process and allowing for the study of GABA
AR-cannabinoid binding through docking and MD
simulations. Moreover, the analysis of different cannabinoids in this
system suggests that cannabigerol (CBG) could act as a ligand for GABA
AR, opening unexplored avenues for research.