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Parents’ psychological distress, post-traumatic stress, and emotional suppression in a pregnancy following a perinatal death: A questionnaire study
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  • Joanna Beaumont,
  • Debbie Smith,
  • Emilie Bailey,
  • Rebecca Barron,
  • Emma Tomlinson,
  • Alexander Heazell
Joanna Beaumont
The University of Manchester Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre
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Debbie Smith
The University of Manchester Division of Psychology and Mental Health
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Emilie Bailey
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
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Rebecca Barron
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
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Emma Tomlinson
Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust
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Alexander Heazell
The University of Manchester Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre

Corresponding Author:alexander.heazell@manchester.ac.uk

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Abstract

Objective – To evaluate parents’ psychological distress and emotional suppression in the antenatal and postnatal periods of a pregnancy following a perinatal death. Design – Questionnaire. Setting – Tertiary Maternity Unit in the UK. Sample – Parents who were pregnant and attending a specialist antenatal clinic for pregnancy after loss. Methods – Partners and mothers completed questionnaire measures which evaluated their levels of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS) and emotional suppression at 23 and 32 weeks’ gestation, and 6 weeks postnatally. Levels were plotted over time and examined to determine if there were significant changes between time points. The proportion of partners and mothers scoring above threshold for each measure was identified, and differences in scores between mothers and partners were examined. Main outcome measures – Psychological distress and emotional suppression Results – Parents’ depression levels significantly decreased after the birth of a live baby and anxiety levels significantly decreased for mothers but not partners. PTS did not change across the course of a pregnancy, and symptoms continued into the postnatal period for mothers. Partners are more likely to hide their emotions during pregnancy than mothers. Conclusion – Both parents who have experienced a prior perinatal death are likely to experience high levels of psychological distress in a subsequent pregnancy which may continue into the postnatal period. Specialist mental health support offered within a dedicated pregnancy after loss service is one way to support parents. Further research is needed to determine whether psychological distress impacts on parent-child bonding.
12 Nov 2024Submitted to BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
13 Nov 2024Submission Checks Completed
13 Nov 2024Assigned to Editor
13 Nov 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
19 Nov 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned