The spore morphology and perispore ornamentation of 14 plants of Hypodematium of China were carefully observed and photographed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in this paper for the first time. The results showed that the perispore ornamentation of all species of the Hypodematium that were divided into six types by SEM were as follow: H. sinense, H. hirsutum, H. glanduloso-pilosum, H. confertivillosum, H. chingii, H. jianxiuii and H. zhangii with tuberculate ornamentations; H. squamuloso-pilosum with tuberculiform-rugulates ornamentations; H. fordii and H. shandongense with ringed and semi-ringed ornamentations; H. crenatum and H. gracile with ridged ornamentations; H. mengshanensis with auricular ornamentations; H. guilinense with reticulate ornamentations. These characteristics were stable in the intra-species with significant differences between interspecies. It not only provides an palynological important scientific basis for species identification and interspecific classification, but also provides a new data for the establishment of palynology of ferns, and provides a scientific basis for the biodiversity of Hypodematium, which is of great significance for the exploitation and conservation of its resources.